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Robert of France

Male 830 - Abt 866  (51 years)


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  • Name Robert of France 
    Nickname Rupert The St... 
    Born Between 815 and 830 
    Address:
    Worms
    Worms, Austrasia (Present Germany)
    Frankish Empire 
    Christened also known as Rutpert IV, Count of Wormgau Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Gender Male 
    Christening AKA Robert "The Strong"Count of, Orleans, Auxerre Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Christening AKA Robert "The Strong"Count of, Orleans, Auxerre Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Christening AKA Robert "The Strong"Count of, Orleans, Auxerre Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Occupation Duke of Francia, Margrave of Neustria, Count in Wormsgau, Count of Angers, Count of Anjou, Count of Auxerre, Count of Blois, Count of La Marche, Count of Nevers, Count of Orléans, Count of Paris, Count of Tours, Abbé laïc de Marmoutier, Duke of France 
    Occupation Greve 
    Residence France Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Died Abt 2 Jul 866 
    Address:
    Brissarthe
    Brissarthe, Neustrie (Present France)
    Frankish Empire 
    Buried 15 Sep 866 
    Address:
    Tours
    Tours, Neustrie (Present France)
    Frankish Empire 
    Notes 
    • {geni:about_me} He is commonly called a son of [http://www.geni.com/people/Rutpert-Robert-III-comte-de-Wormsgau/6000000000424845830 Robert III], count in the Wormsgau, but the relationship is conjectural.

      '''Robert 'le Fort' ''' unknown origin, unknown wife.

      ==Sources and Resources==
      * [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_le_Fort Wikipedia]
      * The [http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CAPET.htm Foundation for Medieval Genealogy's Medieval Lands Database]

      '''ROBERT "le Fort"''' (-killed in battle Brissarthe 2 Jul 866).

      ==Parentage==
      * The parentage of Robert "le Fort" is unknown. Some general indications of his origins are found in contemporary sources, but these are contradictory.
      * An unspecific Franconian origin is favoured by the Annales Xantenses which name him “Ruodbertus…ortus de Francia, dux Karoli” when recording his death[3], and by Widukind who refers to his son King Eudes as “ex orientalibus Francia”[4].
      * A Saxon origin is suggested by two sources: firstly, Richer names “ex equestre ordine Rotbertum” as father of King Eudes and his “avum…paternum Witichinum advenam Germanum”[5]; secondly, the Miracula Sancti Benedicti names “Robertus, Andagavensis comes, Saxonici generis vir”[6].
      * Three more specific suggestions can be made:
      # Firstly, many modern secondary sources identify him as Robert [Rodbert], son of Rodbert Graf im Wormsgau & his wife Wiltrud --- ([815/20]-), who was first named in Germany in 836 as "son of the late Rodbert Graf von Wormsgau", in a donation to Mettenheim[7]. No primary source has yet been found which points specifically towards this suggested co-identity, although it is consistent with the Franconian origin referred to by the Annales Xantenses and by Widukind, noted above. It is assumed that the suggestion is based primarily on onomastics, although the first secondary source which proposed the connection has not yet been identified and therefore has not been not checked. The author in question may also have assumed that Robert was a unique name among noblemen in France in the first half of the 9th century, although this ignores Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau en Berry, who was the possible brother of the wife of Pepin I King of Aquitaine (see the document CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). The timing of the supposed arrival of Robert from Franconia, assuming that the co-identity is correct, is not ideal either. Robert would presumably have fled Germany after opting to support Charles II “le Chauve” King of the West Franks in the latter´s fight against his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche” King of the East Franks. This dispute is dated to 858/59: King Ludwig invaded in Aug 858, when King Charles was faced with widespread rebellion, and was defeated in Jan 859. However, Robert "le Fort" is already named as missus in Maine, Anjou and Touraine in Nov 853, in a document issued by King Charles II[8] (unless of course this document refers to Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau, which is not impossible).
      # Secondly, there is a possible connection between Robert "le Fort" and the family of Aledramn [I] Comte de Troyes, who died in [852] (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). Such indications are provided by Regino who names "Waltgerius comes, nepos Odonis regis, filius scilicet avunculi eius Adalhelmi in Aquitanien" when recording his battle against "Ramnulfum et fratrem eius Gozbertum et Ebulonem abbatum de sancto Dionysio " in Jul 892, and names "Megingaudus comes, nepos supradicti Odonis regis [son of Robert "le Fort"]" when recording his death, also in 892[9]. A further indication is found in the charter dated 14 Sep 937, under which Robert "le Fort"´s grandson "Hugues abbé de Saint-Martin" donated "son alleu de Lachy…dans le comté de Meaux" to Tours Saint-Martin, specifying that he had inherited the property from "comte Aledramnus" who had been granted it by Charlemagne[10]. It should be noted, however, that all these sources would be consistent with the family connection between Robert "le Fort" and Adalhelm being through the female line, even through Robert´s wife.
      # Thirdly, an interesting possibility is indicated by Europäische Stammtafeln[11], which names the first wife of Comte Robert as "[Agane]". It cites no corresponding primary source, but presumably the suggestion is based on the Miraculis Sancti Genulfi which names "Agana filia…Byturicensium comes…Wifredus [et]…Oda coniux" as wife of "Roberto viro primoque palatii Pipini regis"[12]. This "Roberto" can probably be identified as Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau en Berry, the supposed brother of the wife of Pepin I King of Aquitaine (this relationship is referred to by Settipani, but he neither quotes nor cites the corresponding source[13]). Could it be possible therefore that he was the same person as Robert "le Fort"? If this was correct, it would be consistent with the Saxon origin which is suggested by Richer and by the Miracula Sancti Benedicti (see above). The supposed father of Robert de Sesseau was Theodebert Comte de Madrie who, it is suspected, was related to the family of Nibelung and Childebrand (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). The Saxon connection of the latter family is suggested by the name Theoderic (nine different individuals named Theoderic have been identified in the family), which was first recorded in Saxony in the family of Widukind by Einhard in 782 (see the document SAXONY).

      ==Career==

      Whatever the truth about Robert´s parentage, his career in France is recorded from 853: a document issued by Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated Nov 853 names "Dodo episcopus, Hrotbertus et Osbertus" as missi in "Cinnomannio, Andegavensi, atque Turonico, Corboniso, et Sagiso"[14].

      The Annales Bertiniani record that "Pippinus" joined with "Rotberto comiti et Britonibus" in 859[15], which suggests that Robert had earlier rebelled against King Charles II in Brittany. Robert submitted to the king's authority, when he was given command of the march of Neustria, which had been confiscated from the Rorgonid family for supporting the revolt of Louis (later King Louis II) against his father[16].

      Regino records that King Charles II "le Chauve" invested "Rodberto comiti" with "ducatum inter Ligerim et Sequanam adversum Brittones" in 861[17]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Rodbertus" attacked "Salomone duce" [duke of Brittany] in 862[18].

      The Annales record that King Charles´s son, the future King Louis II "le Bègue", rebelled against his father in 862 and, heading an army of Bretons, defeated "Rotbertum patris fidelem" in 862, after which he burned Angers yet again[19].

      Count in the march of Anjou [862/63]: the creation of the "march" of Anjou is probably dated to the early 860s, as the Annales Bertiniani name "Rodberto, qui marchio in Andegavo fuerat" in 865[20].

      However, this change of jurisdictional status must have been insufficient to control the Bretons and the Vikings because Robert is named in the Annales Bertiniani in 865 in the context of King Charles imposing direct rule in the area by sending "Hludowicum filium suum" into "Neustriam" and granting him "comitatum Andegavensem et abbatiam Maioris-monasterii et quasdam villas illi", while Robert was compensated with "comitatum Autissiodorensem et comitatum Nivernensem". Comte d'Auxerre and Comte de Nevers 865.

      The Annales Bertiniani name "Rodbertus et Odo" as "præfecti" in the Seine valley area in 866 when recording that they repelled the Vikings who had sailed up river as far as "castrum Milidunum"[21]. "Odo" is presumably identified as Eudes Comte de Troyes, who died 1 Aug 871 (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY) and who, according to Edouard de Saint-Phalle, was the brother of Robert "le Fort"[22].

      The Annales Bertiniani record that "Rotbertum et Ramnulfum, Godtfridum quoque et Heriveum comites" were defeated by the Vikings at "Brieserta" in 866, where Robert was killed[23]. The Adonis Continuatio records that "Robertus quoque atque Ramnulfus…inter primos ipsi priores" were killed by the Vikings in 866[24].

      ==Marriage==

      m ---. The name of Comte Robert's wife is not known.
      * Some secondary works[25] assert that she was Adelais de Tours, widow of Conrad Comte de Paris et d'Auxerre [Welf], daughter of Hugues Comte de Tours. If this is correct, Adelais must have been Comte Robert's second wife as Conrad died after 862 by which date Robert's known children were already born. Settipani[26] states that the only basis for the assertion is a 12th century interpolation in the Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon, which is of little historical value.
      * Nevertheless, he suggests that it is likely that the wife of Comte Robert was a close relation of Adelais, although the basis for his statement is not known. A family connection between Comte Robert and Conrad Comte de Paris is also suggested by the former being invested with the county of Auxerre in 865, after this county was confiscated from the latter (as recorded by Hincmar[27]), on the assumption that there was some basis of heredity behind the transmission of counties in France at that time (which is probable, but remains unproved).
      * The Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne, interpolated into the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, names "Regine, que cum esset iuvencula fuit concubina Karoli Magni iam senioris" as wife of "Roberti Fortis marchionis"[28]. This is chronologically impossible as Regina must have been born in [785] at the latest (the birth of her older son is recorded in 801), and therefore was far too old to have been the mother of Robert's children.
      * According to Europäische Stammtafeln[29], the first wife of Comte Robert was "[Agane]". The primary source on which this is based is not noted, but as stated above, it is probably the Miraculis Sancti Genulfi which names "Agana filia…Byturicensium comes…Wifredus [et]…Oda coniux" as wife of "Roberto viro primoque palatii Pipini regis"[30]. As discussed above, this would imply that Robert "le Fort" was the same person as Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau en Berry, probably brother of the wife of Pepin I King of Aquitaine. If this co-identity is correct, Agana would have been too old to have been the mother of the recorded children of Robert "le Fort". It would therefore be consistent for her to have been Robert´s first wife.

      ==Children==

      Comte Robert & his wife had three children:

      1. '''EUDES [Odo]''' (in Neustria [after 852][31]-La Fère-sur-Oise 3 Jan 898).
      * Herimannus names "Odo filius Roudperti" when recording his assuming power in "Gallia usque ad Ligerim et in Aquitania" after the death of Emperor Karl III[32].
      * The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "Odonem ducem Aquitanio" succeeded as king of France, stating that he was "filius Raimundi comitis Lemovicensis"[33], although it is not known on what information this may be based.
      * He succeeded his father in 866 as Marquis en Neustrie, but was dispossessed in 868 by Charles II “le Chauve” King of the West Franks in favour of Hugues l’Abbé.
      * He was created Comte de Paris 882-83, after unsuccessfully challenging Hugues l’Abbé for his inheritance.
      * Abbot of Saint-Martin de Tours: "Eudes…comme abbé de Saint-Martin" exchanged "la villa de Marsat en Auvergne et la villa…Dronius" for "les villæ…Balneacum et Vineas situées en Berri dans le vicaria Corboninse" with Frothaire Archbishop of Bourges by charter dated May 886[34].
      * He was finally invested as Marquis de Neustrie in Sep 886, following the death during the siege of Paris of Duke Heinrich (who was ancestor of the "alte" Babenberg family, see the document FRANCONIA NOBILITY) to whom Emperor Charles II had granted the territories of Robert “le Fort” on the death of Hugues l’Abbé earlier in the same year[35].
      * "Odo Parisiorum pagi…comes" donated land at Fontenay, Charenton to Notre-Dame by charter dated to before 888, subscribed by "Roberti comitis, Altmari comitis"[36].
      * He was acclaimed as '''EUDES King of France''' 29 Feb 888. He was consecrated king at Compiègne by the Archbishop of Sens.
      * King Eudes defeated the Normans at Montfaucon-en-Argonne 24 Jun 888, after which he was recognised as king by Arnulf King of the East Franks who sent royal insignia for a second consecration at Reims 13 Nov 888[37].
      * He was succeeded by the Carolingian Charles III, who had been consecrated as anti-king at Reims 28 Jan 893, according to the agreement reached in 897 between the two adversaries after Eudes defeated Charles[38].
      * The Annales Prumienses record the death "898 III Non Ian" of "Odo rex"[39]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "IV Non Jan" of "Odo rex"[40].

      m as her first husband, THEODERADA, daughter of --- (-18 Oct [after 900]). "Odo…rex" confirmed the possessions of "monasterio Vedastino" by charter dated 21 May [891/92] which names "coniux nostra Theoderada"[41]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[42], she was Theoderada, [daughter of Aledramn [II. The primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. Settipani says that it has no historical basis[43]. Nevertheless, Theoderic, supposed son of Adelramn [II], was a strong supporter of King Eudes, as recorded in the Annales Vedastini[44], which is best explained by a family connection: if the relationship is correct, he would have been Theoderada´s brother. She married secondly Otto. Her second marriage is confirmed by the Kalendarium Sanctæ Mariæ Virdunensis, which records the death "XIV Kal Jul" of "Otto comes venerabilis qui dedit fratribus Haraudi montem, Bresadi villam, Samepodium"[45], read together with the necrology of Verdun Cathedral which records the death "XV Kal Nov" of "Theudrada regina et postea sancti monialis qui cum viro suo Hattone dedit fratribus Haraldi montem"[46]. These two sources make it clear that "viro suo Hattone" named in the second cannot refer to Eudes King of France, who would not have been called "Otto comes" in the first.

      King Eudes & his wife had [three] children:
      a) children . King Eudes refers to his unnamed children in 889 according to Settipani, who does not cite the primary source on which this is based[47].
      b) [RAOUL ([882]-after 898). He is named as son of King Eudes in Europäische Stammtafeln[48] but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified. King of Aquitaine.]
      c) [ARNOUL ([885]-898). The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "filius eius Arnulfus" succeeded on the death of father "Francorum…rege Odone" but lived only a short time[49]. This is the only source so far identified which mentions Arnoul.]
      d) [GUY [Wido] . "Alanus" [Duke of Brittany] signed a charter dated 28 Aug 903 witnessed by "…Guido filius Ottonis regis Franciæ qui tunc erat cum Alano"[50]. According to Settipani, the charter is a forgery[51].]

      2. ''' ROBERT''' ([860]-killed in battle near Soissons 15 Jun 923). "Rodbertum fratrem Odonis regis" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[52]. He was elected '''ROBERT I King of France''' in 922.

      =__________________=


      From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_the_Strong the English Wikipedia article on Robert IV The Strong]:

      (With translated portions taken from the corresponding [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_le_Fort French Wikipedia article], not found in the English)

      '''Robert IV the Strong (also known as Rutpert)''' (820 – July 2, 866[1]), was Margrave in Neustria. (The French Wikipedia article suggests he could have been born as early as 815. He was also Count of Tours and Anjou.)

      His family is named after him and called Robertians. He was first nominated by King Charles the Bald "Missus dominicus" ("Envoy of the lord," or Frankish judicial commissioner, a type of circuit judicial court judge) in 853.

      Robert was''' the father of the kings Odo and Robert I of France'''. Robert was the great-grandfather of Hugh Capet and thus the ancestor of all the Capetians. His father was Robert of Worms.

      =Origins and rise to power=

      While very little is known about the beginnings of the Robertian family, historians have been able to adduce that the family of nobles had its origins in Hesbaye or perhaps from the family of Chrodegang of Metz.

      (French Wikipedia says that Robert Le Fort was probably the son of Robert, Comte de Worms, Oberrheingau, and Waldrada (d. c.834), and brother of Eudes d'Orleans (d. 834). At a symposium in Angers in 1987, Captetian historian Karl Ferdinand Werner confirmed that he had originally came from the Rhein, according to testimony of Regino Prum. His research indicates his family were in power in the Loire, and may have been linked to the clan led by Seneschal Adalard and two groups of relatives in the west: the Counts Geroldiens (from Gerold of Vinzgouw) at Blois, Chateaudun and Angers, and the Widonides based in the Marches of Bretony.)

      During the reign of Louis the German, the Robertian family moved from East Francia to West Francia.

      (French Wikipedia says: Robert Le Fort is quoted as leaving the middle Rhine in 836, but without title. During the power struggle between the sons of Louis I The Pious, he sided with Charles the Bald, who was the son of Eudes d'Orleans, abandoning the lands incorporated into the Kingdom of Lothair I and taking refuge in the west with his mother's family.)

      After his arrival in West Francia, Charles the Bald showed his favour of the family defecting from his enemy Louis by assigning Robert to the lay abbacy of Marmoutier in 852. In 853 the position of "Missus dominicus" in the provinces of Maine, Anjou, and Touraine (or, in summary, Neustria, especially in Tours and Angers) was given him and he had de facto control of the ancient ducatus Cenomannicus, a vast duchy centred on Le Mans and corresponding to the regnum Neustriae. (French Wikipedia says that he may have been named Comte de Tours at this point in time.)

      Robert's rise came at the expense of the established family of the Rorigonids and was designed to curb their regional power and to defend Neustria from Viking and Breton raids.

      =Revolt=

      (French Wikipedia says: In 856, Charles the Bald installs his son Louis as the leader of the "Duchy of Le Mans," a territory that corresponds with the Marches of Neustria. Robert is mentioned in neither that occasion, nor from November 853 to 854, when the Normans returned to loot the Loire, Angers, Tours, and Blois. Perhaps he was removed from power at that time.)

      Despite the fact that he was a favoured noble of Charles, Robert joined a rebellion against the king in 858. He led the Frankish nobles of Neustria with the Bretons under Salomon in inviting Louis the German to invade West Francia and receive their homage. The revolt had been sparked by the marriage alliance between Charles and Erispoe, Duke of Brittany, and by the investment of Louis the Stammerer with the regnum Neustriae (856). These actions significantly curtailed the influence both of Salomon and Robert.

      Charles compensated Robert for the losses suffered in this civil war by giving him the counties of Autun and Nevers in Burgundy, which greatly enlarged his landholdings. In 856 he had to defend Autun from Louis the German following the death of Lothair I. But following Erispoe's assassination in November 857, both he and Salomon rebelled.

      Louis the German reached Orléans in September 858 and received delegations from the Breton and Neustrian leaders, as well as from Pepin II. The Neustrian rebels had chased Louis the Stammerer from Le Mans, his capital, earlier that year. In 861, Charles made peace with Robert and appointed him Count of Anjou, even though he had been involved in the revolt.

      =War with Bretons and Vikings=

      While count of Anjou, Robert was able to successfully defend the northern coast against the threat of a Viking invasion. In 862 Charles granted Louis the Stammerer, his son, the lay abbacy of Saint Martin of Tours, a small benefice in comparison with the kingdom he had received in 856 (and lost in 858). The young Louis rebelled and was quickly joined by Salomon, who supplied him with troops for a war against Robert.

      In 862 two groups of Vikings—one the larger of two fleets recently forced out of the Seine by Charles the Bald, the other a fleet returning from a Mediterranean expedition—converged on Brittany, where one (the Mediterranean) was hired by the Breton duke Salomon to ravage the Loire valley.[2] Robert captured 12 of their ships, killing all on board save a few who fled.

      He then opened negotiations with the former Seine Vikings, and hired them against Salomon for 6,000 pounds of silver. The purpose of this was doubtless to prevent them from entering the service of Salomon.[3] Probably Robert had to collect a large amount in taxes to finance what was effectively a non-tributary Danegeld designed to keep the Vikings out of Neustria.[4] The treaty between the Franks and the Vikings did not last more than a year: in 863 Salomon made peace and the Vikings, deprived of an enemy, ravaged Neustria.

      (French Wikipedia says that the Vikings established bases at the mouth of the Loire River in 853, and the Seine in 856 under the leadership of their chief, Hastein.)

      Robert made war on Pepin II in his later years. In 863 he had to defend Autun again from Louis the German, this time after the death of Charles of Provence. Robert was in Neustria during 865 and 866, with Bretons and Vikings ravaging the environs of Le Mans.

      (French Wikipedia says: In 866, Charles the bald granted, in addition to the new title of Marquis of Neustria, the college of the Abbey of St-Martin-de-Tours, a prestigious abbey in Tours that collects a large amount of revenue (mense). On the page for the Basilique St-Martin de Tours, the Basilica is said to have been burnt by Vikings in 818, and shortly after rebuilt. This may be the St-Martin indicated by the Celtic Casimir online family tree about the burial place of Robert Le Fort.)

      =Death and legacy=

      In 866, Robert was killed at the Battle of Brissarthe while, unsurprisingly, defending Francia against a joint Breton-Viking raiding party, led by Salomon, Duke of Brittany, and the Viking chieftain Hastein. During the battle, Robert had entrapped the Viking commander in a nearby church. Thinking he was not endangered, Robert took off his armour and began to besiege the church.

      Once Robert was unarmoured, the trapped Vikings launched a surprise attack and killed him before he had time to re-arm. His success against the Vikings led to his heroic characterisation as "a second Maccabaeus" in the Annales Fuldenses.

      The name of Robert's wife is not attested in primary sources. According to some modern scholars she was Adelaide or Adalais, a daughter of Hugh of Tours (and thus an Etichonid) and the widow of Conrad I of Auxerre (died 862), a Welf. Since Robert already had children by 862, Adelaide would have to have been his second wife.

      French genealogist Christian Settipani has identified the source of this identification as the unreliable twelfth-century Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon, which was interpolated into the chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines.[5] The Europäische Stammtafeln has identified Robert's first wife as a certain Agane. Whatever the facts, two of Robert's sons became kings of France: Odo (860-1 Jan 898) and Robert (866-15 July 923).

      =Sources=

      Smith, Julia M. H. Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians. Cambridge University Press: 1992. ISBN 0-521-38285-8

      Hummer, Hans J. Politics and Power in Early Medieval Europe: Alsace and the Frankish Realm 600 – 1000. Cambridge University Press: 2005. ISBN 0-521-85441-2

      Bradbury, Jim. The Capetians, Kings of France 987-1328. Hambledon Continuum: 2007. ISBN 978-1-85285-528-4

      =References=

      1.^ Robert le Fort on Medieval Lands site

      2.^ Einar Joranson (1923), The Danegeld in France (Rock Island: Augustana), 59–61.

      3.^ Robert probably expected Salomon to hire them to replace the defeated Mediterranean Vikings, then to attack Neustria from two sides: with the Viking ships ascending the Loire and Breton troops invading by land.

      4.^ In 860–1 Charles the Bald had collected a general tax to pay a Danegeld of 5,000 pounds. The king had probably authorised Robert's payment.

      5.^ The Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne names Regine, que cum esset iuvencula fuit concubina Karoli Magni iam senioris as the wife of Roberti Fortis marchionis, but this Regina, concubine of Charlemagne, must have been born by 785 at the latest, since she had borne a son by 801. A marriage to Robert is chronologically implausible.
      =--------------------=

      From Darryl Lundy's Peerage page on Robert of Neustria (Forrás / Source):
      http://www.thepeerage.com/p10519.htm#i105188

      Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria
      M, #105188, d. circa 866
      Last Edited=19 Jun 2005

      Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria died circa 866, killed. (1)

      Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria also went by the nick-name of Robert 'the Strong'. (1)

      Children of Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria
      -1. Robert I, Roi de France+ d. c 15 Jun 9232
      -2. Eudes, Roi de France b. 856, d. 898
      -------------------

      --------------------
      Unattributed English-language biography:

      ROBERT-THE STRONG:

      Marquess of Neustria, was the father of Eudes, (King Odo) of the West Franks (c857-898) and of ROBERT I, King of France (865-923). ROBERT I's daughter married Raoul of Burgundy, who later became King Rudolph of France. ROBERT I's son, HUGH-THE-GREAT, Duke of Franks, Count of Paris, was the brother-in-law of King Rudolph. HUGH-the-GREAT's son, HUGH CAPET, lived from approximately 938 to 996, and was crowned King of France in 987

      French warrior, marquess of Neustria; father of the French kings Eudes and Robert I and ancestor of the Capetians. He joined the rebellious nobles against Charles II, Emperor of the West. They invited Louis the German to invade France (858). Becoming reconciled to Charles in 861, Robert was charged with the defense of the country between the Seine and the Loire, from which he repelled the Bretons and the Normans. He was killed fighting against the Normans.
      --------------------
      Occupation: Marquis of Neustria
      --------------------
      From the English Wikipedia page on the Battle of Brissarthe:
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Brissarthe

      The Battle of Brissarthe was fought on 2 July 866[1]), between the Franks and a joint Breton-Viking army near Brissarthe, Neustria. It was marked by the death of Robert the Strong, the Neustrian margrave, and Ranulf I, the duke of Aquitaine.

      In 866, Salomon, Duke of Brittany, allied with Hastein (Hasting), a Danish chieftain, for an expedition into Anjou, Maine, and Touraine. In the course of the campaign, Le Mans was sacked.

      Robert, commander of the afflicted regions, assembled a large army to expel them. He was joined by Ranulf of the region of Poitou and Gauzfrid and (his son) Hervé of Maine.

      The Frankish army succeeded in intercepting the Danes before they reached their boats on the Loire River.

      (French Wikipedia says that Robert knew he couldn't stop the Danes from sacking Le Mans, but he knew that they had to return to their boats by way of the river. He waited with his army near his villa of Chateauneuf-sur-Sarthe, a place where the river splits into several branches, creating an obstruction for the Viking river boats.)

      The Danes (forced to come ashore) took refuge in a church, but the Franks besieged them (after failing in an assault on its stone walls). During the night, the Danes attempted to escape. During the ensuing battle, Robert was killed, Ranulf mortally wounded by an arrow, and Hervé injured. With the loss of their leaders, the Franks had to retreat.

      (The French Wikipedia page says: Robert Le Fort posted sentinels, and while some of his men went to plunder the Viking boats still in the river, he removed his armor (including the broigne chain cloak he had been wearing). At nightfall, Hastein tried to escape. Robert Le Fort, without armor, went to the forefront of the Franks, who easily push the Vikings back into the church. In the fighting, Robert is cut down, and the Comte de Poitiers is seriously wounded by an arrow; he dies during the following October. Without a leader, the Franks withdraw and the Vikings escape.)

      In 867, Charles the Bald entered negotiations (at Compiegne) with Salomon (through Pascweten, his step-son) and Charles the Bald recognised him as King of Brittany (as well as the succession to Riwallon, Salomon's son). He conceded the Cotentin and possible the Avranchin to the Breton.

      Hastein continued to ravage the Loire Valley for many more years. He hit Bourges in 867, Orléans in 868, and Angers in 872. Charles appealed for assistance to Salomon.

      (According to the French Wikipedia page: For the Robertian dynasty, the consequences were almost as important, as his sons Odo and Robert - our ancestor - were placed under the guardianship of Abbot Hugh, to which his honors are given over, honors which nearly went to the Welf lineage.)

      Primary sources

      1. Regino of Prüm (Chronicles)
      2. Annales Bertiniani (Annals of St. Bertin)

      (French Wikipedia also uses: Michel Dillange, The Counts of Poitou, Dukes of Aquitaine (778-1204), Geste editions, al . "The Nativity ", 1995 , 304P. (ISBN 2-910919-09-9), P.63-69 .)
      --------------------
      Other Event(s)
      Slain at Blissarthe, Anjou, France

      AKA (Facts Page):
      Robert 'le Fort' or 'the Strong' IV, Marquess of Neustria
      --------------------
      From the English Wikipedia page on the Robertians:


      The Robertians, or Robertines, were a Frankish predecessor family of what became the Capetians. The family included a large number of forms of Robert including Robert of Worms, Robert of Hesbaye, Robert the Strong, and Robert I of France. They figured prominently amongst Carolingian nobility and married into this royal family. Eventually the Robertians delivered Frankish kings themselves such as Odo, Robert and Hugh Capet. Those Robertians ruled in the Frankish kingdom Western Francia. Hugh Capet is known as the "last Frankish king" and the first king of France. He is the founder of the Capetians, a family that ruled France until the French Revolution.

      Origin

      The oldest known Robertians probably originated in the county Hesbaye, around Tongeren in modern-day Belgium. The first certain ancestor is Robert the Strong count of Paris, probably son of Robert of Worms, grandson of Robert of Hesbaye, and nephew of Ermengarde of Hesbaye, daughter of Ingram, wife of Louis the Pious. Other related family includes Cancor, founder of the Lorsch Abbey, his sister Landrada and her son Saint Chrodogang, archbishop of Metz.

      From Robert the Strong

      The sons of Robert the Strong were Odo and Robert, who were both king of Western Francia and ruled during the Carolingian era. His daughter Richildis married a count of Troyes. The family became Counts of Paris under Odo and "Dukes of the Franks" under Robert, possessing large parts of the ancient Neustria. Although quarrels continued between Robert's son Hugh the Great and Louis IV, they were mended upon the ascension of Lothair. Lothair granted Hugh the Duchy of Burgundy and Aquitaine, expanding the Robertian dominions.

      The Carolingian dynasty ceased to rule France upon the death of Louis V. After the death of Louis, the son of Hugh the Great, Hugh Capet was chosen as king of the Franks. He became to be known as the first king of France. Hugh was crowned at Noyon on July 3, 987 with the full support from Holy Roman Emperor Otto III. With Hugh's coronation, a new era began for France, and his descendants came to be named, after him, the Capetians. They ruled France as the Capetians, Valois, and Bourbons until the French Revolution. They returned after 1815 and ruled until Louis Philippe was deposed in 1848.

      However they continue to rule Spain through the Bourbon Dynasty right down to Juan Carlos of Spain.

      Family branches

      Rodbert
      Ingerman of Hesbaye
      Ermengarde of Hesbaye, wife of Louis the Pious
      Cancor, founder of the Lorsch Abbey
      Landrada
      Saint Chrodogang, Archbishop of Metz, Abbot of the Lorsch Abbey
      Robert of Hesbaye
      Robert of Worms
      Robert the Strong
      Odo, king of Western Francia married Theodrada
      Wido
      Richildis, or Regilindis, married Wilhelm I of Périgeux
      Robert, king of Western Francia, second marriage to Beatrix of Vermandois
      Emma, married Rudolph of Burgundy
      Adela, married Herbert II, Count of Vermandois
      Hugh the Great, married for the 3rd time to Hedwige of Saxony, daughter of Henry the Fowler
      Hugh Capet
      Hadwig, married Reginar IV, Count of Mons
      Robert II
      Otto-Henry, married to Gerberga of Chalons
      Odo
      Beatrix, married Frederick of Bar
      Emma, married Richard I of Normandy
      Herbert, bishop of Auxerre

      Sources

      The Carolingians, a family who forged Europe, by Pierre Riché - University of Pennsylvania Press
      La Préhistoire des Capetiens, Premiére Partie: Mérovingiens, Carolingiens et Robertiens, by Christian Settipani et Patrick Van Kerrebrouck
      --------------------
      From http://www.rpi.edu/~holmes/Hobbies/Genealogy/ps03/ps03_443.htm

      Robert, Count of Anjou and Blois, was one of the great leaders in the Carolingian period and became Rector (Lay Abbot) of St. Martin de Marmoutier, near Tours, in 852. He was killed in action against the Norsemen. He was created Count of Anjou and of Blois, and acquired the countships of Auxerre and Nevers. He is remembered for his heroic defense of the Frankish realm lying between the Seine and Loire rivers against the Norse and Bretons. His title of "Duke" was military, not hereditary. Modern scholarship states that he is Rutpert IV, Count in the Wormsgau as early as 836, whose father is Rutpert III, Count of record from 812, dead by 834. "Ancestral Roots..." (Balt., 1992), line 48, shows his mother to be Adelaide or Aelis of Tours and Alsace (b. ca. 819, d. ca. 866), widow of Conrad I, Count of Aargau and Auxerre (d. 863) and dau. of Hugh, Count of Tours.
      --------------------
      Robert was a magnate who was the right hand of Charles the Bald & died fighting the Norsemen. Killed at the Battle of Brissarthe. When he had the Vikings cornered in a church he thought he was safe & removed his armour & began to besiege the church. The trapped Vikings launched a surprise attack & killed him before he had time to rearm.
      --------------------
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_the_Strong
      --------------------
      Robert IV the Strong (also known as Rutpert) (820-September 15, 866), was Margrave in Neustria. His family is named after him and called Robertians. He was first nominated by Charles the Bald missus dominicus in 853. Robert was the father of the kings Odo and Robert I of France. Robert was the great-grandfather of Hugh Capet and thus the ancestor of all the Capetians. His father was Robert of Worms.
      --------------------
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_IV_the_Strong
      --------------------
      Rutpert IV, Count in Wormgau, seen 836; of Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre, Nevers; killed 15 Sep 866, called Robert the Strong; m. (1); m. (2) c 864, Aelis (or Adelaide) of Tours & Alsace, b. c 819, d. c 866, widow of Conrad I, Count of Aargau

      and Auxerre, d. 863, daughter of Hugh, Count of Tours, by his wife Bava. He had by (2) wife: (1) Odo or Eudes, King of the Franks (France), and (2) Robert I, Count of Paris 888, King of the Franks 922-3, father of Hugh Magnus. [Ancestral Roots]

      # Note:

      # Note: Title: Encyclopedia Britannica, Treatise on

      # Note: Page: Robert The Strong

      # Note: Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999

      # Note: Page: 48-17


      --------------------
      killed in battle against Normans

      Burial: St Martin De Chaateauneuf,France

      General Notes

      # Note:

      Rutpert IV, Count in Wormgau, seen 836; of Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre, Nevers; killed 15 Sep 866, called Robert the Strong; m. (1); m. (2) c 864, Aelis (or Adelaide) of Tours & Alsace, b. c 819, d. c 866, widow of Conrad I, Count of Aargau

      and Auxerre, d. 863, daughter of Hugh, Count of Tours, by his wife Bava. He had by (2) wife: (1) Odo or Eudes, King of the Franks (France), and (2) Robert I, Count of Paris 888, King of the Franks 922-3, father of Hugh Magnus. [Ancestral Roots]

      # Note:

      # Note: Title: Encyclopedia Britannica, Treatise on

      # Note: Page: Robert The Strong

      # Note: Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999

      # Note: Page: 48-17


      --------------------
      Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria died circa 866, killed.1

      Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria also went by the nick-name of Robert 'the Strong'.1

      Children of Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria

      * Robert I, Roi de France+ d. c 15 Jun 9232

      * Eudes, Roi de France b. 856, d. 898



      http://www.thepeerage.com/p10519.htm#i105188


      --------------------
      [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_the_Strong Robert IV the Strong (820 – July 2, 866[1])], also known as Rutpert, was Margrave in Neustria. His family is named after him and called Robertians. He was first nominated by Charles the Bald missus dominicus in 853. Robert was the father of the kings Odo and Robert I of France. Robert was the great-grandfather of Hugh Capet and thus the ancestor of all the Capetians. His father was Robert of Worms[2].

      [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_the_Strong The name of '''Robert's wife'''] is not attested in primary sources. According to some modern scholars[2] she was '''Adelaide or Adalais, a daughter of Hugh of Tours (and thus an Etichonid) and the widow of Conrad I of Auxerre (died 862), a Welf.''' Since Robert already had children by 862, Adelaide would have to have been his second wife. French genealogist Christian Settipani has identified the source of this identification as the unreliable twelfth-century Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon, which was interpolated into the chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines.[6] The Europäische Stammtafeln has identified Robert's first wife as a certain Agane[2]. Whatever the facts, two of Robert's sons became kings of France: Odo and Robert.

      Origins and rise to power While very little is known about the beginnings of the Robertian family, historians have been able to adduce that the family of nobles had its origins in Hesbaye or perhaps from the family of Chrodegang of Metz. During the reign of Louis the German, the Robertian family moved from East Francia to West Francia. After his arrival in West Francia, Charles the Bald showed his favour of the family defecting from his enemy Louis by assigning Robert to the lay abbacy of Marmoutier in 852. In 853 the position of missus dominicus in the provinces of Maine, Anjou, and Touraine was given him and he had de facto control of the ancient ducatus Cenomannicus, a vast duchy centred on Le Mans and corresponding to the regnum Neustriae. Robert's rise came at the expense of the established family of the Rorigonids and was designed to curb their regional power and to defend Neustria from Viking and Breton raids.

      [edit] RevoltDespite the fact that he was a favoured noble of Charles, Robert joined a rebellion against the king in 858. He led the Frankish nobles of Neustria with the Bretons under Salomon in inviting Louis the German to invade West Francia and receive their homage. The revolt had been sparked by the marriage alliance between Charles and Erispoe, Duke of Brittany, and by the investment of Louis the Stammerer with the regnum Neustriae (856). These actions significantly curtailed the influence both of Salomon and Robert. Charles compensated Robert for the losses suffered in this civil war by giving him the counties of Autun and Nevers in Burgundy, which greatly enlarged his landholdings. In 856 he had to defend Autun from Louis the German following the death of Lothair I. But following Erispoe's assassination in November 857, both he and Salomon rebelled.

      Louis the German reached Orléans in September 858 and received delegations from the Breton and Neustrian leaders, as well as from Pepin II. The Neustrian rebels had chased Louis the Stammerer from Le Mans, his capital, earlier that year. In 861, Charles made peace with Robert and appointed him Count of Anjou, even though he had been involved in the revolt.

      [edit] War with Bretons and VikingsWhile count of Anjou, Robert was able to successfully defend the northern coast against the threat of a Viking invasion. In 862 Charles granted Louis the Stammerer, his son, the lay abbacy of Saint Martin of Tours, a small benefice in comparison with the kingdom he had received in 856 (and lost in 858). The young Louis rebelled and was quickly joined by Salomon, who supplied him with troops for a war against Robert.

      In 862 two groups of Vikings—one the larger of two fleets recently forced out of the Seine by Charles the Bald, the other a fleet returning from a Mediterranean expedition—converged on Brittany, where one (the Mediterranean) was hired by the Breton duke Salomon to ravage the Loire valley.[3] Robert captured twelve of their ships, killing all on board save a few who fled. He then opened negotiations with the former Seine Vikings, and hired them against Salomon for 6,000 pounds of silver. The purpose of this was doubtless to prevent them from entering the service of Salomon.[4] Probably Robert had to collect a large amount in taxes to finance what was effectively a non-tributary Danegeld designed to keep the Vikings out of Neustria.[5] The treaty between the Franks and the Vikings did not last more than a year: in 863 Salomon made peace and the Vikings, deprived of an enemy, ravaged Neustria.

      Robert made war on Pepin II in his later years. In 863 he had to defend Autun again from Louis the German, this time after the death of Charles of Provence. Robert was in Neustria during 865 and 866, with Bretons and Vikings ravaging the environs of Le Mans.

      [edit] Death and legacy. In 866, Robert was killed at the Battle of Brissarthe while, unsurprisingly, defending Francia against a joint Breton-Viking raiding party, led by Salomon, Duke of Brittany, and the Viking chieftain Hastein. During the battle, Robert had entrapped the Viking commander in a nearby church. Thinking he was not endangered, Robert took off his armour and began to besiege the church. Once Robert was unarmoured, the trapped Vikings launched a surprise attack and killed him before he had time to re-arm. His success against the Vikings led to his heroic characterisation as "a second Maccabaeus" in the Annales Fuldenses.

      [edit] SourcesSmith, Julia M. H. Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians. Cambridge University Press: 1992. ISBN 0-521-38285-8
      Hummer, Hans J. Politics and Power in Early Medieval Europe: Alsace and the Frankish Realm 600 – 1000. Cambridge University Press: 2005. ISBN 0-521-85441-2
      Bradbury, Jim. The Capetians, Kings of France 987-1328. Hambledon Continuum: 2007. ISBN 978-1-85285-528-4
      [edit] References1.^ Robert le Fort on Medieval Lands site
      2.^ a b c Baldwin, Stephen (2008-07-28). "Robert the Strong". The Henry Project. http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/rober100.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-24.
      3.^ Einar Joranson (1923), The Danegeld in France (Rock Island: Augustana), 59–61.
      4.^ Robert probably expected Salomon to hire them to replace the defeated Mediterranean Vikings, then to attack Neustria from two sides: with the Viking ships ascending the Loire and Breton troops invading by land.
      5.^ In 860–1 Charles the Bald had collected a general tax to pay a Danegeld of 5,000 pounds. The king had probably authorised Robert's payment.
      6.^ The Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne names Regine, que cum esset iuvencula fuit concubina Karoli Magni iam senioris as the wife of Roberti Fortis marchionis, but this Regina, concubine of Charlemagne, must have been born by 785 at the latest, since she had borne a son by 801. A marriage to Robert is chronologically implausible.




      --------------------
      http://www.celtic-casimir.com/webtree/2/3037.htm

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counts_of_Blois
      --------------------
      '''Roberto, o Forte''', nasceu em 815, foi Conde de Anjou a 862, Conde de Auxerre e Conde de Nevers a 865, e Marquês da Nêustria. Ele morreu em 2 de julho de 866 em Brissarthe, Maine-et-Loire.
      [editar] Relações Familiares

      Sua ascendência ainda é objeto de estudo. Também não há certeza sobre o nome de sua esposa. Ele foi pai de:

      * Odo, Conde de Paris, depois Rei da França entre 888 e 898.
      * Roberto I de França, que foi Rei da França entre 922 e 923.

      in: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre. <http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto,_o_Forte>

      --------------------
      Robert "the Strong" Count of Anjou and Blois was the son of Rutpert III Count of Wormsgau and Waldrada of Orléans.1,2,3,4 His name was also spelt "Robert "le Fort"" in French.4 His name was also spelt Rutpert IV "der Tapfer" or "der Starke" in German.1,4 Robert "the Strong" Count of Anjou and Blois was appointed in 852 as Lay Abbot of St. Martin de Marmoutier near Tours.4 In 858/859, he revolted against Charles the Bald, inviting Charles' brother Ludwig to invade Neustria. After the brothers made peace, Robert was restored to favor and given the defense of Neustria against the Normans.5 About 864 Robert married second Adelaide of Alsace and Tours, daughter of Hugh "le Méfiant" Count of Tours and Aba.2,4 Robert "the Strong" Count of Anjou and Blois was killed in the Battle of Brissarthe against the Normans on Wednesday, 15 September 866. Sewell gives his death date as 25 July 866, while Moriarty (1953) gives it as October 866.1,2,3,5,4
      Children of Robert "the Strong" Count of Anjou and Blois and Adelaide of Alsace and Tours
      ◦Regilinda+2
      ◦Odo or Eudes King of the Franks1,3,5,4 (856 - 898)
      ◦Robert I Duke of France+1,2,3,5,4 (866 - 15 Jun 923)

      --------------------
      Leo: Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser , Reference: 1961.
      --------------------
      MALE Robert "le Fort" (Rotbertus Fortis, Robert "the Strong")

      Marquis in Neustria, ca. 861-866.
      Count of Anjou, before 853?-865.
      Count of Blois, 865.
      Count of Auxerre and Nevers, 865-866.
      Count of Autun.
      Lay-abbot of Marmoutier, 852.
      Lay-abbot of Saint-Martin de Tours, 866.

      Robert, commonly called "le Fort" ("the Strong"), is well known as the earliest solidly documented ancestor of the "Robertinian" or "Capetian" dynasty of kings of France. Robert probably first appears in the records in 836×7 as Robert, son of count Robert, when he donated two manses in Mettenheim in Wormsgau with appurtenances to the monastery of Lorsch ["Ego in Dei nomine Rubertus, filius Ruberti comitis, dono ad sanctum Nazarium &c. jj mansos cum hubis in pago Wormat. in Mettenheimer marca, & quidquid ad ipsos mansos pertinet, & de terra aratoria jurnales xlvjjj, & de vineis jurnales xjjj, & prata ad carradas vj, stipulatione subnixa. Actum in monasterio Laurisham, anno XXIII Ludowici inperatoris." Codex Lauresh., 2: 306-7 (#1826)]. He was probably also the count Robert who on 10 April 837 witnessed the donation of a certain Badagis for the soul of a count Guntram [Codex Lauresh., 1: 316 (#219), see below]. The identification of this Robert with Robert le Fort, now widely accepted, is discussed below in the Commentary section.

      When Robert again emerges in the records on 3 April 852 as lay-abbot of Marmoutier, he was in the western kingdom of king Charles le Chauve ("the Bald") of France ["... illustris viri Rotberti rectoris monasterii S. Martini, quod Majus Monasterium dicitur, ..." RHF 8: 520 (#109)]. Along with bishop Dodo and Osbert, Robert appears as a missus in the Capitulary of Servais in November 853 ["Dodo episcopus, Hrotbertus, et Osbertus, missi in Cinnomannio, Andegavensi, atque Turonico, Corboniso, et Sagiso." MGH Leg. 1: 426]. Since missi (other than bishops) were usually counts over one of the districts involved, and he is known to have been count of Anjou at a later date, Robert was probably already count of Anjou at this time. In 858, a revolt against king Charles broke out, and Robert is mentioned first among the leaders of the revolt in a letter addressed in 859 to the rebels by the council of Savonnières ["Universalis synodus ex diversis partibus in nomine Domini ad vicinum locum Tullensi urbi, qui dicitur Saponarias, congregata, utinam bonis filiis Rotberto, Odoni, Heriveo, Truando, Ingelboldo, Frotmundo, item Heriveo, Magenardo, Cadoloni et ceteris in vestra societate conjunctis, salutarem conversionem." RHF 7: 584]. In 859, he was allied with Pépin II of Aquitaine and the Bretons ["Pippinus Rotberto comiti et Brittonibus sociatur." Ann. Bertin., s.a. 859, 52]. Robert was received back in the king's favor in 861 ["[Karolus] ... Et Sequanam transiens, Meidunum super Ligerim adit, Rodbertum cum placitis honoribus recipit." Ann. Bertin., s.a. 861, 55]. At about the same time, according to Regino, Charles made Robert dux of the region between the Loire and the Seine (i.e., Neustria) ["Carolus placitum habuit in Compendio ibique cum optimatum consilio Rodberto comiti ducatum inter Ligerim et Sequanam adversum Brittones commendavit, quem cum ingenti industria per aliquod tempus rexit." Regino, Chronicon, s.a. 861, 79]. In 862, Robert was fighting against Salomon, ruler of the Bretons, and against Louis, son of king Charles, then in rebellion against his father [Ann. Bertin., s.a. 862, 57-8]. In 864, the king deprived Bernard, son of Bernard, of the honores which he had given him, and granted them to his faithful man Robert ["Unde iudicio suorum fidelium honores quos ei dederat rex recepit et Rotberto, fideli suo, donavit." Ann. Bertin., s.a. 864, 73]. This evidently included the county of Autun. In the same year, Robert was wounded in a fight against Vikings based on the Loire, but recovered after a few days ["Rodbertus comes Andegavensis adgrediens duos cuneos de Northmannis qui in Ligeri fluvio residebant, unum quidem, exceptis paucis evadentibus, interfecit, et altero maiore retro superveniente, vulneratur. Unde, paucis suorum amissis, sibi secessu consuluit et post paucos dies convaluit." Ann. Bertin., s.a. 864, 74]. In March 865, Robert was acting as count of Blois, and exchanged lands in the county of Blois with bishop Actard of Nantes ["Dedit igitur illustris vir Robertus comes partibus Actardi episcopi, de terra comitatis Blesensis ...; ... partibus illustrissimi viri Roberti comitis, comitatui videlicet Blesensi, ...; ... Actum Bleso castro publice. Signum Roberti comitis, qui hanc commutationem fieri vel firmare rogavit." Mabille (1871), lxxxix-xci (Pièces justificatives #1); Werner (1959), 147-150]. In 865, king Charles gave the county of Anjou to his son Louis. To Robert, who had been marchio in Anjou, he then gave the counties of Auxerre and Nevers in addition to his other honores ["Rodberto autem, qui marchio in Adegavo fuerat, cum aliis honoribus quos habebat comitatum Autisiodorensem et comitatum Nivernensem donavit." Ann. Bertin., s.a. 865, 79]. In 866, Robert and count Eudes (for whom see below) appear as leaders of one group of the Frankish army which was put to flight by the Viking army [Ann. Bertin., s.a. 866, 81]. Also in 866, the king gave Robert the lay-abbacy of Saint-Martin de Tours, which had been taken away from Engilwin, and on Robert's advice divided honores beyond the Seine among Robert's followers. Also by Robert's advice, Charles gave the county of Autun to his son Louis, because Bernard, son of Bernard, had been holding onto it against Robert ["Karolus Rotberto comiti abbatiam Sancti Martini ab Engilwino ablatam donat et eius consilio honores qui ultra Sequanam erant per illius complices dividit, comitatum quoque Augustidunensem, a Bernardo, filio Bernardi, super Rodbertum occupatum, Hludowico, filio suo, ipsius Rotberti consilio ad eum ditandum committit." Ann. Bertin., s.a. 866, 81]. This establishment of Robert's followers west of the Seine was probably one of the foundations of the later power of his family there [see Werner (1959)].

      Later the same year, Vikings allied with Bretons were returning from having attacked and sacked Le Mans when they encountered Robert and several other counts with a large force. Robert was killed in the ensuing battle ["Nortmanni commixti Brittonibus, circiter quadringenti de Ligeri cum caballis egressi, Cimnomannis civitatem adeunt. Qua depraedata, in regressu suo usque ad locum qui dicitur Brieserta veniunt; ubi Rotbertum et Ramnulfum, Gozfridum quoque et Heriveum comites cum valida manu armatorum, si Deus cum eis esset, offendunt. Et conserto praelio, Rotbertus occiditur, ..." Ann. Bertin., s.a. 866, 84; "Ruotbertus Karoli regis comes apud Ligurim fluvium contra Nordmannos fortiter dimicans occiditur, alter quodammodo nostris temporibus Machabeus; cuius proelia, quae cum Brittonibus et Nordmannis gessit, si per omnia scripta fuissent, Machabei gestis aequiperari potuissent." Ann. Fuld., s.a. 867, 66; "Eo anno ingens bellum inter Gallos et paganos geritur in Gallia, et cecidit ex utraque parte innumerabilis multitudo. Ibique Ruodbertus, vir valde strenuus, ortus de Frantia, dux Karoli, interfectus est." Ann. Xant., s.a. 867 (recté 866), 24-5; "Ruotbertus absque galea et lorica accurrens, cum incautius dimicaret et inimicos ultro insequeretur, interfectus est in introitu ipsius ecclesiae; eius corpus iam exanime Nortmanni intrinsecus trahunt." Regino, Chronicon, s.a. 867, 92-3; "Rhothbertus quoque atque Ramnulfus viri mirae potentiae, armisque strenui, et inter primos ipsi priores, Northmannorum gladio necantur." Annales Floriacenses, s.a. 866, MGH SS 2: 254]. After Robert's death, the king granted the counties of Tours and Anjou and the abbacy of Saint-Martin to Hugues "the Abbot", the son of his (i.e., the king's) uncle Conrad, and sent him to Neustria in Robert's place. At that time, Robert's sons Eudes and Robert, both of whom later became kings of France, were still young ["... Hugoni clerico, avunculi sui Chonradi filio, comitatum Turonicum et comitatum Andegavensem cum abbatia Sancti Martini et cum aliis etiam abbatiis donat eumque in Neustriam loco Rotberti dirigit; ..." Ann. Bertin., s.a. 866, 84; "Non multo post interiecto tempore Hugo abba in locum Ruotberti substitutus est, vir strenuus, humilis, iustus, pacificus et omni morum honestate fundatus; siquidem Odo et Ruotbertus, filii Ruotberti, adhuc parvuli erant, quando pater extinctus est, et idcirco non est illis ducatus commissus." Regino, Chronicon, s.a. 867, 93].

      The epithet of "le Fort" ("the Strong") which has been given to Robert is not contemporary, but is now widely used. In the beginning of the eleventh century, Hermann of Reichenau, in an annal entry based on Annales Fuldenses (and evidently drawing on the word fortiter which appears there), refers to Robert as "Roudpertus fortissimus de regno Karoli comes" [Hermann of Reichenau, Chronicon, s.a. 867, MGH SS 5: 106]. The nickname is also used by Sigebert of Gembloux, writing about 1100 ["Ruotbertus fortis marchio", Sigebert, Chronicon, s.a. 866, MGH SS 6: 341], and by Aubry de Troisfontaines in the thirteenth century ["comes Robertus Fortis"Aubry de Troisfontaines, Chronica, s.a. 988, MGH SS 23: 774].

      Date of Birth: Unknown.
      Place of Birth: Unknown.

      Date of Death: 866, possibly 15 September.
      A number of sources give 867 as the date of Robert's death [Ann. Fuld., s.a. 867, 66; Ann. Xant., s.a. 867, 25; Regino, Chronicon, s.a. 867, 92-3], and some scholars have followed this date [e.g. Barthélemy (1873)]. However, the annal for 867 in Annales Fuldenses contains some events from 866 (and even 865), the entries in Annales Xantenses during this period are typically off by a year (so their testimony actually favors 866), and the chronology of Regino is well known to be unreliable during this period. Thus, the contemporary testimony of Hincmar argues strongly for 866 as the date [Ann. Bertin., s.a. 866, 84]. See the discussion of Robert's date of death by Ferdinand Lot [Lot (1902), 430-1; Lot (1915), 507, n. 4]. Lot gives a date of 15 September, based on a count Robert who appears in a tenth century addition to the necrology of Saint-Germain-des-Prés ["XVII kal. ... et Rotberti comitis" Obit. Sens, 1, pt. 1: 272].
      Place of Death: Battle of Brissarthe.

      Probable father: Robert, d. before 19 February 834, count in Wormsgau.
      Probable mother: Waldrade (Wialdrut), living 19 February 834.
      The evidence which would accept the identification of Robert le Fort with a Robert, son of Robert and Waldrade, who appears in 836, is now widely accepted. See the Commentary section for a detailed discussion.

      Spouse(s): Unknown.
      Robert's wife (or wives) cannot be unambiguously identified. See the Commentary section for a discussion of the possibilities.

      Children:
      The relationship of Robert to his sons Eudes and Robert is abundantly documented [e.g., "... siquidem Odo et Ruotbertus, filii Ruotberti, adhuc parvuli erant, quando pater extinctus est, ..." Regino, Chronicon, s.a. 867, 93; "Odo filius Rodberti usque ad Ligerim fluvium vel Aquitanicam provinciam sibi in usum usurpavit." Ann. Fuld., s.a. 888, 116; "... et terram patris sui Rothberti Odoni comiti concessam, ..." Ann. Vedast., s.a. 886, 62; "Rothbertus comes, frater regis Odoni" Ann. Vedast., s.a. 898, 79].

      MALE Eudes, d. 1 January 898, count of Paris, 882×3-888; marquis of Neustria, 886-888; king of France, 888-898;
      m. Théodrade, fl. 890.
      Eudes was young ("parvulus") at the death of his father, but evidently old enough to receive at least some of his honores (thus probably in his teens), of which he was deprived in 868 ["Ablatis denique a Rotberti filio his quae post mortem patris de honoribus ipsius ei concesserat et per alios divisis, ..." Ann. Bertin., s.a. 868, 91; however, Chaume would identify this as an otherwise unknown elder son of Robert le Fort, Chaume (1925), 237, n. 2, 537 (table 5)]. Eudes appears to have spent some time with his father's relatives in the neighborhood of Worms, for he was apparently the Uodo, nepos of count Meingaud (Mengoz), who in 876 ceded to Lorsch a manse with all appurtenances at Mettenheim in Wormsgau ["Anno XXXVI Ludowici regis, Mengoz comes et nepos ejus Vodo tradiderunt ad sanctum Nazarium in pago Worm., in Mettenheim j mansum cum omnibus appenditiis suis, praesente Titrocho abbate &c." Codex Lauresh. 2: 309 (#1835)]. As count of Paris, Eudes distinguished himself in the siege of Paris against the Normans (October 885 - November 886). After the deaths of Hugues "the Abbot" and of marquis Henri (Heinrich, ancester of the Babenbergs) in 886, Eudes received the lands of his father ["... et terram patris sui Rothberti Odoni comiti concessam ..." Ann. Vedast, s.a. 886, 62]. After the death of Charles the Fat in January 888, Eudes was crowned as king at the palace of Compiègne by archbishop Gautier of Sens on 29 February 888 ["Convenerunt itaque qui Odonem advocarunt Compendio palatio atque cum consensu eorum qui sibi consentiebant per manu Waltheri archiepiscopi benedicti sibi in regnum fecerunt." Ann. Vedast., s.a. 888, 64; "Odo filius Rodberti usque ad Ligerim fluvium vel Aquitanicam provinciam sibi in usum usurpavit; ..." Ann. Fuld., s.a. 888, 116; "Interea Galliarum populi in unum congregati cum consensu Arnulfi Odonem ducem, filium Rotberti, de quo paulo superius mentionem fecimus, virum strenuum, cui pre ceteris formae pulchitrudo et proceritas corporis et virium sapientiaeque magnitudo inerat, regem super se pari consilio et voluntate creant;" Regino, Chronicon, s.a. 888, 129-130; "Odo rex a Francis elevatur 2. Kal. Mart." Annales Sancti Germani minores, s.a. 888, MGH SS 4: 3; "Anno itaque incarnationis dominicae 888. [16. Kal.] Mart. quinta feria communi decreto, Odonem virum militarem ac strenuum in basilica sancti ... regem creant." (the words in brackets are crossed out) Richer, Historia, i, 5, MGH SS 3: 570; 16 February was a Wednesday in 888, 29 February was a Thursday; Dümmler (1862-88), 3: 316 & n. 2 (quoting Richer as giving [II Kal.] instead of [16. Kal.])]. Eudes died on 1 January 898, being succeeded by the Carolingian Charles III the Simple ["Obiit ipse in eodem loco Kalendis Ianuarii, corpusque eius apud Sanctum Dionisium delatum ibique honorifice humatum." Ann. Vedast., s.a. 898, 79; "898. Odo rex obiit Kal. Ianuar. Karolus regnum recepit." Annales Sanctae Columbae Senonensis, MGH SS 1: 104; Dümmler (1862-88), 3: 436, n. 1]. His wife Théoderade appears in an act of 890 ["... carissima conjux nostra Theoderada ..." RHF 9: 452]. Favre suggests that she was a daughter of Aleran II, count of Troyes [Favre (1893), 203, see below].

      MALE Robert I, d. 15 June 923, marquis of Neustria, 888-922; king of France, 922-3;
      m. (1) Béatrix;
      [probably m. (2) Adèle.]

      Probable relatives:
      Six of the seven individuals listed here are stated to have been related to one of Robert's sons. Robert's grandson Hugues le Grand was an heir of the seventh in some unspecified way. In none of these cases is the exact relationship solidly documented. All of these relationships are potentially valuable clues, and in the case of Meingaud, the statement of relationship is an important piece of evidence in determining the probable parentage of Robert. Another likely relative of Robert, Eudes of Troyes and Châteaudun, is not explicitly called a relative of Robert or of his sons in the sources, and is covered in the Commentary section.

      Meingaud/Megingoz (II), d. 28 August 892, count in Wormsgau and Maiengau, lay-abbot of Saint-Maximin.
      ["Item eodem anno mense Augusto, V. Kalendas Septembr., Megingaudus comes, nepos supradicti Odonis regis, dolo interfectus est ab Alberico et sociis eius in monasterio sancti Xisti, quod vocatur Rotila." Regino, Chronicon, s.a. 892, 140] Meingaud is discussed in detail in the Commentary section.

      Alleaume/Adalhelm, count of Laon.
      Gautier/Waltger, d. July 892, son of Alleaume.
      ["... Waltgarius comes, nepos Odonis regis, filius scilicet avunculi eius Adalhelmi, ..." Regino, Chronicon, s.a. 892, 139; "Walkerus eius consobrinus", Ann. Vedast., s.a. 892, 72 (where eius refers to king Eudes); "Unde nepos eius nimium tristans Adalaelmus" Abbo, De Bello Parisiaco, i, 452, MGH SS 2: 787 (where eius refers to Eudes)] Kalckstein and Favre suggested that Robert married a sister of Alleaume [Kalckstein (1871), 114; Kalckstein (1877), 466; Favre (1893), 201]. Depoin & Chaume made Alleaume a younger paternal half-brother of Robert [Depoin (1908), 330; Chaume (1925), 537 (table 5)]

      Adémar, d. 926, count of Poitou, 893-902.
      ["Odo, consanguineus sua" (i.e., of Ademarus), Abbo, De Bello Parisiaco, ii, 540-1, MGH SS 2: 800] Adémar was a son of Emenon, d. 866, count of Poitou, Périgueux, and Angoulême [Adémar Chab., iii, 19 (p. 137); iii, 20 (p. 139n.)]. Adémar appears to have had a brother named Alleaume/Adalhelm ["Frater Ademari comitis Adalelmus ..." Eudes de Cluny, Vita S. Geraldi, c. 46, AASS Oct., 6: 312]. Because of this, Kalckstein suggested that Adémar was related to Alleaume of Laon [Kalckstein (1877), 466]. The brother Alleaume was identified by Saint-Phalle as Alleaume, count of Troyes, nephew of Robert (d. 886), count of Troyes (see below) [Saint-Phalle (2000), 154-6, 169]. If this identification is correct, Adémar's mother would then probably be a sister of Robert of Troyes, and Adémar's relationship to Robert le Fort would be via whatever unknown connection probably links the families of Robert le Fort and Eudes of Châteaudun and Troyes (see below in the Commentary section).

      Berengario I, d. 924, king of Italy, emperor.
      Robert le Fort's son Robert appears as propinquus of Berengario in a document of 15 February 913 ["... Rotberti specialiter abbatis propinqui quidem nostri ..." Dümmler (1871), 18 n. 3, 176-7; Pancarte S.-Martin de Tours, 123 (#115)]. Barthélemy attempts to explain this relationship via Robert's wife Béatrix [Barthélemy (1873), 123]. If Béatrix were indeed a daughter of Heribert (and this is doubtful, as indicated on the page of Béatrix), then it would make Berengario and Béatrix second cousins twice removed (with Béatrix in the more remote generation). Since this relation (if correct) would only be a distant in-law relation, it seems like an improbable explanation of the evidence. A more likely explanation would be the possibility that Robert I' s mother was a close relative of Hugues the Abbot, a nephew of the empress Judith, Berengario's maternal grandmother.

      Charles III "the Simple", d. 929, king of France 898-922.
      In an act of 28 May 917, Charles refers to abbot Robert (the later king Robert I) as consanguineus noster ["... pro stabilitate salutis nostræ et consanguinei nostri Rotberti abbatis, ..." RHF 9: 532 (#65)]. Although the nature of the relationship is unknown, possible explanations would include a connection through Hugues the Abbot, or some relationship through count Eudes of Orléans, whose daughter Ermentru
    • Rutpert IV CAPET (der Starke), Gf. v. Paris, geboren ca. 0820 (gezindte: RK), overleden op 15-09-0866 te Brisarthe, oder 25.07. bei Brissarthe gefallen. Graaf van Parijs en in Neustrie, Hertog van Francie, de eerste die de naam Capet draagt, vanwege zijn vermelding als leken-abt te Tours. Bijgenaamd Le Fort. Met hem vangt men meestal de stamboom aan van de Capetingers, maar enkele van zijn voorouders zijn ook bekend. Zijn ouders waren: Rupert III, graaf in de Wormsgouw, vermeld 812-850, overl. voor 834, geh. met Waldrade van Orleans, dochter van Hadrianus, graaf van Orleans, wiens zuster Hildegard gehuwd was met Karel de Grote, en van Waldrade, uit het geslacht der Widonen. (Zie Gens Nostra 1964, blz. 279). Zie ook Isenburg, AF.II.13 en verder Isenburg NF.II.10. Zoon van Rutpert Robert CAPET (zie 9731) en Waldrade van ORLEANS (zie 9768). Gehuwd (1) circa 0850 met Agave N (zie 9839). Gehuwd (2) circa 0864, gehuwd voor de kerk 864 met Adelheid van TOURS (zie 9778). Gehuwd voor de kerk (3) um 840 met Agane N (zie 19954). Uit het tweede huwelijk: 1. Odo CAPET (zie 17255). 2. Robert V (II) CAPET (zie 9800).
    • Robert I van Francië, geboren omstreeks 815. Robert is overleden op 15-09-866 in Brissarthe (Fr), ongeveer 51 jaar oud (oorzaak: gesneuveld in de strijd). Titel: vanaf 21-?-66 Graaf van Tours Hij trouwde, ongeveer 49 jaar oud, omstreeks 864 met de ongeveer 45-jarige 454226361117 Adelheid van Tours, geboren omstreeks 819. Adelheid is overleden omstreeks 866, ongeveer 47 jaar oud.
    • IGI parents are Within and Geva
    • from http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/juhel000.htm
      http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=f2e1b878-e6bd-48ca-83df-0b1fcf847204&tid=6650027&pid=-1071560757
    • comte d'Anjou
    • !Name is; Robert, "Fortis" Duke Of /FRANCE/, Count of Orleans.
    • Source #1: NEHGR 117: 268-271 - Count in Wormgau, active 836; killed; called "Robert the Strong" - had two sons by second wife: Odo, King of the Franks and Robert I.
    • ! (1) Count of Orleans
    • ! (1) Count of Orleans
    • !BIRTH: "Royal Ancestors" by Michel Call - Based on Call Family Pedigrees FHL
      film 844805 & 844806, Family History Library, Salt Lake City, UT. Copy of
      "Royal Ancestors" owned by Lynn Bernhard, Orem, UT.

      !Count of Paris, Anjou and Blois

      Data From Lynn Jeffrey Bernhard, 2445 W 450 South #4, Springville UT 84663-4950
      email - bernhardengineer@netscape.net
    • Alias: Duke of France and Count of /Anjou/
      Marquess Robert the Strong's two sons, Eudes and Robert, both reigned
      briefly as kings of France.
    • Line 5797 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:
      NAME Robert "Fortis" Duke Of /FRANCE/

      Line 5798 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:
      TITL [COUNT OF ORLEANS]/
    • SOURCE NOTES:
      Bu289 www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal05315
      http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~churchh/edw3chrt.html
    • RESEARCH NOTES:
      Duke of Neustria, Count of Paris, Count of Orleans, Auxerre..
      Son of Theodoret eller of Wittekind, oppgis som alternativer. Han skal ha
      vaert wed with en Adelheid, men also muligens with en annen and tidligere
      hustru.
    • _P_CCINFO 1-20792
    • _P_CCINFO 1-20792
    • _P_CCINFO 1-20792
    • ! (1) Count of Orleans
    • Hij wordt vermeld in 836 als getrouwe van Lodewiik de Vrome.
      Hij schenkt twee hoeven in de Wormsgouw aan Lorsch; vermeld als graaf ca. 837 te Pfungstadt (als Rutpert IV); kiest in 840 partij voor Lotharius en begeeft zich dientengevolge eerst naar Bourgondië en vervolgens naar Neustrië; hertog van Francie, de eerste die de naam Capet draagt, vanwege zijn vermelding als leken-abt te Tours. Bijgenaamd Le Fort. Met hem vangt men meestal de stamboom aan van de Capetingers, maar enkele van zijn voorouders zijn ook bekend (zie Gens Nostra 1964, blz. 279 en ook Isenburg, AF.II.13 en verder Isenburg NF.II.10).
      Hij is identiek met 'Robert le Fort' (Robert 'de Sterke').
      Hij wordt vermeld als lekenabt van St. Martin de Marmoutier bij Tours op 3 apr. 852 en is ('vir illuster') missus dominicus in Maine, Touraine, Anjou, Séois, Corbonnais, mogelijk (vanwege de nabijheid der Bretons) reeds markgraaf van Anjou; graaf van Parijs en Orleans.
      Hij komt in opstand 856-861; daarna hertog van Francië ('Dux Caroli Calvis regis) tegen de Bretons (861); graaf van Autun, Auxerre, Nevers en markgraaf 865/6.
      Hij is gesneuveld tegen de Noormannen bij Brissarthe aan de oever van de Loire op 15 sept. 866. Hij is de stamvader der Robertijnen.

      Bron: Schwennicke Volume II page 10: Rutpert IV (Robert I) Graf im Wormsgau, Comte de Tours, nobilis Franciae and Comte de Paris, killed in battle 15 September or 25 July 866; survived by his second wife Adelaide/Aelis de Tours. He is the father of Robert I, King of France (King Robert was born after his father was killed).
    • Grecve av Paris
    • Robert IV the Strong (also known as Rutpert) (820-September 15, 866), was Margrave in Neustria. His family is named after him and called Robertians. He was first nominated by Charles the Bald missus dominicus in 853. Robert was the father of the kings Odo and Robert I of France. Robert was the great-grandfather of Hugh Capet and thus the ancestor of all the Capetians. His father was Robert of Worms.

      Origins and rise to power
      While very little is known about the beginnings of the Robertian family, historians have been able to adduce that the family of nobles had its origins in Hesbaye. During the reign of Louis the German, the Robertian family moved from East Francia to West Francia. After his arrival in West Francia, Charles the Bald showed his favour of the family defecting from his enemy Louis by assigning Robert to the lay abbacy of Marmoutier in 852. In 853 the position of missus dominicus in the provinces of Maine, Anjou, and Touraine was given him and he had de facto control of the ancient ducatus Cenomannicus, a vast duchy centred on Le Mans and corresponding to the regnum Neustriae. Robert's rise came at the expense of the established family of the Rorigonids and was designed to curb their regional power and to defend Neustria from Viking and Breton raids.


      Revolt
      Despite the fact that he was a favoured noble of Charles, Robert joined a rebellion against the king in 858. He led the Frankish nobles of Neustria with the Bretons under Salomon in inviting Louis the German to invade West Francia and receive their homage. The revolt had been sparked by the marriage alliance between Charles and Erispoe, Duke of Brittany, and by the investment of Louis the Stammerer with the regnum Neustriae (856). These actions significantly curtailed the influence both of Salomon and Robert. Charles compensated Robert for the losses suffered in this civil war by giving him the counties of Autun and Nevers in Burgundy, which greatly enlarged his landholdings. In 856 he had to defend Autun from Louis the German following the death of Lothair I. But following Erispoe's assassination in November 857, both he and Salomon rebelled.

      Louis the German reached Orléans in September 858 and received delegations from the Breton and Neustrian leaders, as well as from Pepin II. The Neustrian rebels had chased Louis the Stammerer from Le Mans, his capital, earlier that year. In 861, Charles made peace with Robert and appointed him Count of Anjou, even though he had been involved in the revolt.


      War with Bretons and Vikings
      While count of Anjou, Robert was able to successfully defend the northern coast against the threat of a Viking invasion. In 862 Charles granted Louis the Stammerer, his son, the lay abbacy of Saint Martin of Tours, a small benefice in comparison with the kingdom he had received in 856 (and lost in 858). The young Louis rebelled and was quickly joined by Salomon, who supplied him with troops for a war against Robert.

      In 862 two groups of Vikings-one the larger of two fleets recently forced out of the Seine by Charles the Bald, the other a fleet returning from a Mediterranean expedition-converged on Brittany, where one (the Mediterranean) was hired by the Breton duke Salomon to ravage the Loire valley.[1] Robert captured twelve of their ships, killing all on board save a few who fled. He then opened negotiations with the former Seine Vikings, and hired them against Salomon for 6,000 pounds of silver. The purpose of this was doubtless to prevent them from entering the service of Salomon.[2] Probably Robert had to collect a large amount in taxes to finance what was effectively a non-tributary Danegeld designed to keep the Vikings out of Neustria.[3] The treaty between the Franks and the Vikings did not last more than a year: in 863 Salomon made peace and the Vikings, deprived of an enemy, ravaged Neustria.

      Robert made war on Pepin II in his later years. In 863 he had to defend Autun again from Louis the German, this time after the death of Charles of Provence. Robert was in Neustria during 865 and 866, with Bretons and Vikings ravaging the environs of Le Mans.


      Death and legacy
      In 866, Robert was killed at the Battle of Brissarthe while, unsurprisingly, defending Francia against a joint Breton-Viking raiding party, led by Salomon, Duke of Brittany, and the Viking chieftain Hastein. During the battle, Robert had entrapped the Viking commander in a nearby church. Thinking he was not endangered, Robert took off his armour and began to besiege the church. Once Robert was unarmoured, the trapped Vikings launched a surprise attack and killed him before he had time to re-arm. His success against the Vikings led to his heroic characterisation as "a second Maccabaeus" in the Annales Fuldenses.

      The name of Robert's wife is not attested in primary sources. According to some modern scholars she was Adelaide or Adalais, a daughter of Hugh of Tours (and thus an Etichonid) and the widow of Conrad I of Auxerre (died 862), a Welf. Since Robert already had children by 862, Adelaide would have to have been his second wife. French genealogist Christian Settipani has identified the source of this identification as the unreliable twelfth-century Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon, which was interpolated into the chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines.[4] The Europäische Stammtafeln has identified Robert's first wife as a certain Agane. Whatever the facts, two of Robert's sons became kings of France: Odo and Robert.


      Sources
      Smith, Julia M. H. Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians. Cambridge University Press: 1992. ISBN 0-521-38285-8
      Hummer, Hans J. Politics and Power in Early Medieval Europe: Alsace and the Frankish Realm 600 - 1000. Cambridge University Press: 2005. ISBN 0-521-85441-2
      Bradbury, Jim. The Capetians, Kings of France 987-1328. Hambledon Continuum: 2007. ISBN 978-1-85285-528-4

      References
      ^ Einar Joranson (1923), The Danegeld in France (Rock Island: Augustana), 59-61.
      ^ Robert probably expected Salomon to hire them to replace the defeated Mediterranean Vikings, then to attack Neustria from two sides: with the Viking ships ascending the Loire and Breton troops invading by land.
      ^ In 860-1 Charles the Bald had collected a general tax to pay a Danegeld of 5,000 pounds. The king had probably authorised Robert's payment.
      ^ The Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne names Regine, que cum esset iuvencula fuit concubina Karoli Magni iam senioris as the wife of Roberti Fortis marchionis, but this Regina, concubine of Charlemagne, must have been born by 785 at the latest, since she had borne a son by 801. A marriage to Robert is chronologically implausible.
    • _P_CCINFO 2-2438
    • _P_CCINFO 2-2438
    • GJ
    • GJ=Gary Jacobson www.garyjacobson.org/ahnentafel.html
    • OR "ROBERT"; KNOWN AS "LE FORT (THE STRONG)"; COUNT OF ANJOU; OF BLOIS, TOURS,
      AUXERRE, NEVERS; KILLED
    • KNOWN AS "THE STRONG"
    • 34th great grandfather
    • ! (1) Count of Orleans
    • ! (1) Count of Orleans
    • Robert IV the Strong, Duke of Anjou
      http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=f27f4f58-b325-4aae-9fdf-78b16f87cd07&tid=10145763&pid=-669702081
    • Robert IV the Strong, Duke of Anjou
      http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=f27f4f58-b325-4aae-9fdf-78b16f87cd07&tid=10145763&pid=-669702081
    • Robert the strong
      http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=6cbb4c9c-f6cf-4be6-9c61-a667c0f75d8a&tid=2440653&pid=-1144527344
    • Ancestral File Number: 9G81-8L[FAVthomas.FTW]

      French Robert Le Fort ancestor of the Capetian kings of France.
      Count of various regions between the Seine and Loire rivers, Robertserved the Carolingian king of France Charles II the Bald and, by hisbold and inspiring military leadership, succeeded in checking thedepredations of the Northmen who were laying waste the settlements nearthe Loire. A great victory over the Northmen in 865 was followed by theKing's grant to Robert of full control over Neustria early the next year;but he was killed in a skirmish against the Northmen in September. Thememory of Robert's exploits brought great prestige to his family. Hissons, Eudes and Robert I, both became kings of West Francia (or France);and the Capetian kings (from 987) were his direct descendants.

      To cite this page: "Robert" Encyclopædia Britannica
      http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=65518&tocid=0&query=robert%20the%20strong%20of%20neustria>
      , Robert the Strong of Neustria, Duke of Neustria

      Died: 866
      Notes:
      Count of Paris.

      Child 1: , Eudes of France, King of France, b. 856
      Child 2: , Robert I of France, King of France


      Count of Anjou and Blois[FAVthomas.FTW]

      Count in Wormgau, seen 836; of Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre, Nevers;Killed 866, called Robert the Strong, count of Paris, Anjou and Blois.French Robert Le Fort ancestor of the Capetian kings of France.
      Count of various regions between the Seine and Loire rivers, Robertserved the Carolingian king of France Charles II the Bald and, by hisbold and inspiring military leadership, succeeded in checking thedepredations of the Northmen who were laying waste the settlements nearthe Loire. A great victory over the Northmen in 865 was followed by theKing's grant to Robert of full control over Neustria early the next year;but he was killed in a skirmish against the Northmen in September. Thememory of Robert's exploits brought great prestige to his family. Hissons, Eudes and Robert I, both became kings of West Francia (or France);and the Capetian kings (from 987) were his direct descendants.

      To cite this page: "Robert" Encyclopædia Britannica
      www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=65518&tocid=0&query=robert%20the%20strong>



    • Robert the Strong (died 866), count of Anjou and Blois; at first rebelled against Charles the Bald but laterwon king's confidence by defense of the Seine and Loire valleys against the Normans and Bretons; his two sons, Odo andRobert I, became kings of France.
      For more information see the Our Folk - Hart family Web Site



      from "Our Folk" by Albert D Hart, Jr.
    • BIOGRAPHY
      Rutpert IV was born about 820, son of Rutpert III, Graf in Wormsgau, and Waldrada/Vaudree of Orléans.

      His first marriage was with Agane, about whom nothing is known. About 864 he married as his second wife Aelis de Tours, daughter of Hugues, comte de Tours, and widow of Konrad I, Graf in Argengau und Linzgau.

      From 836 to 840 Rutpert was count in the Worms region. In 852 he became lay abbot of Saint-Martin-de-Marmoutier near Tours in Anjou. At the end of the 9th century, Charles 'the Bald', king of _Francia occidentalis_ and later Holy Roman Emperor, allied himself to the duke of Brittany and expelled the Vikings from Anjou, the region originally known as the _pasus andecavis_ named after the Gaul tribe of Andecaves. In 853 he appointed Rutpert _missus dominicus_ for the regions of Tours and Angers in Anjou. Later Rutpert became commander in the Autunois, which in 856 was threatened by would-be successors after the death of Emperor Lothar I, and in 863 in connection with the division of the kingdom of Charles de Provence.

      In 858 Rutpert and Archbishop Ganelon were the leaders of the nobility in opposition to Charles 'the Bald'; they wanted to offer the crown of _Francia occidentalis_ to his half-brother Ludwig II 'the German', king of the East-Franks.

      Rutpert became duke of Francia, the lands between the Seine and the Loire, and as such he was responsible for the struggle against the Vikings and Bretons. He fell against the Vikings at Brissarthe on 15 September 866.
    • Guarri, Count of Morvois is listed as the father of Bertha deMorvois, according to Paul Carter.
    • _P_CCINFO 1-2782
    • Robert the Strong (died 866), count of Anjou and Blois; at first rebelled against Charles the Bald but later won king's confidence by defense of the Seine and Loire valleys against the Normans and Bretons; his two sons, Odo and Robert I, became kings of France.
    • Father of Robert The Strong of Neustria. Robert was King o

      --Other Fields

      Ref Number: 347
    • Source: The Rufus Parks Pedigree by Brian J.L. Berry. Chart: page 56.

      Page 57:

      8. Rutpert IV (Robert the Strong, le Fort, der Starke), d. 866; Count in Western Nesustria and various other territories in the vicinity of Loire; by 852 was serving the Carolingian Charles II The Bald as count and missus dominicus in the west of the kingdom; created Count of Anjoi and Blois; lay Abbot of St. Martin de Marmoitier, Tours, 852-66; joined the magnates' revolt in 856 but was reconciled with Charles 861; fought several engagements and secured the neutrality of the Normans on the Seine. Charles sent him to Burgundy 864 to keep on eye on Girard, Count of Vienne, but had to recall him in July 865, when he won a great victory over the Normans. He was granted full control in Western Neustria early in 866. He was sometimes called duke, at that time a military, not necessarily a hereditary title. He d. in battle against the Normans at Brissarthe, possibly 15 Sept 866. He mar. (2) Adèlaide (Aelis, Adelheid) of Alsace. c.810-c.866, widow of Conrad I, Count of Aargau and Auxerre, and dau. of Hugo (Hugo) III, Count of Alsace, by his wife Bava...a dynasty which had held that principality from 662 at the least.

      Source: "Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists" by Frederick Lewis Weis.

      Page 53 line (48-17):

      17. Rutpert IV, Count in Wormgau, seen 836; of Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre, Nevers; killed 15 Sep 866, called Robert the Strong; m. (1) ____; m. (2) ca. 864, Aelis (or Adelaide) (181-6) of Tours & Alsace, b. ca. 819, d. ca 866, wid of Conrad I, Count of Aargau and Auxerre, d. 863, dau. of Hugh, Count of Tours by his wife Bava. He had chn by (2) wife: (1) Odo or Eudes, King of Franks, and (2) Robert I (48-18) (53-18), Count of Paris 888, King of Franks 922-3, father of Hugh Magnus (NEHGR 110: 290-91).
    • 1 NAME Fortis //
      2 GIVN Fortis
      2 SURN
      2 NICK Fortis


      1 NAME Robert the Strong (Rutpert IV) of /France/ 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001 1 BIRT 2 DATE ABT. 820 2 PLAC ,France 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001 1 DEAT 2 DATE 15 SEP 866 2 PLAC Brissarthe, Anjou, France 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001


      [De La Pole.FTW]
      Sources: RC 169, 224; Coe, AF, Kraentzler 1451; The Horizon Concise History of France; Ancestral Roots 48-17, 181-6. Roots: Count in Wormsgau. Seen 836. Of Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre, Nevers. Called Robert the Strong. Killed 15 Sept. 866. Had first marriage, wife's name not known.
      Coe: King of France 922.
      Also called Marquis of Neustria. RC 169: "The Strong," Count of Paris, Tours and Wormsgau. Marquis of Anjou, Blois, Auxerre and Nevers. Lay Abbot of Tours, 836-866. Slain 15 Sept. or 25 Aug. 866, at Brissarthe. RC 224: Rutpert IV, called "Robert the Strong," Count of Paris, Wormsgau, Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre and Nevers. Killed 15 Sept. 866. K: Robert "le Ferte" (Rupert III), Marquis de'Anjou, Count of Paris. Abbot of Tours.
    • Source #1: NEHGR 117: 268-271 - Count in Wormgau, active 836; killed; called "Robert the Strong" - had two sons by second wife: Odo, King of the Franks and Robert I.
    • [Weis, 50] seen 836; of Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre, Nevers; called Robert the Strong.
    • Robert THE STRONG (LE FORT) (d. Sept. 15, 866, Brissarthe, Fr.), count of Anjou and of Blois, appears as rector of the abbey of Marmoutierin 852, and as one of Charles the Bald's missi dominici in 853; but soon afterward he was among those who rebelled against Charles and invited the king's half-brother, Louis the German, to invade West Francia.
      In 860 Robert came to terms with Charles, who made him count of Anjouand of Blois and entrusted him with the defense of that part of his kingdom which lay between the Seine and the Loire, a district which hadsuffered greatly from the ravages of the Normans and the Bretons. A great victory over the Northmen in 865 was followed by the King's grantto Robert of full control over Neustria early the next year. He was killed in battle at Brissarthe in Oct. 866, leaving two sons, Odo or Eudes, and Robert, both of whom became kings of the Franks. The memory of Robert's exploits brought great prestige to his family. His sons, Eudes and Robert I, both became kings of West Francia (or France); and the Capetian kings (from 987) were his direct descendants. [Encyclopaedia Britannica CD '97; Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1961 ed., Vol. 19, p.348: ROBERT THE STRONG]
    • Rutpert IV "The Strong" Count of Wormgau was the son of Rutpert III Count of Wormgau and (?) Wialdruth. He was a Count.
      Seen 836, of Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre, Nevers. Was killed 866.
    • Robert THE STRONG (LE FORT) (d. Sept. 15, 866, Brissarthe, Fr.), count of Anjou and of Blois, appears as rector of the abbey of Marmoutierin 852, and as one of Charles the Bald's missi dominici in 853; but soon afterward he was among those who rebelled against Charles and invited the king's half-brother, Louis the German, to invade West Francia.
      In 860 Robert came to terms with Charles, who made him count of Anjouand of Blois and entrusted him with the defense of that part of his kingdom which lay between the Seine and the Loire, a district which hadsuffered greatly from the ravages of the Normans and the Bretons. A great victory over the Northmen in 865 was followed by the King's grantto Robert of full control over Neustria early the next year. He was killed in battle at Brissarthe in Oct. 866, leaving two sons, Odo or Eudes, and Robert, both of whom became kings of the Franks. The memory of Robert's exploits brought great prestige to his family. His sons, Eudes and Robert I, both became kings of West Francia (or France); and the Capetian kings (from 987) were his direct descendants. [Encyclopaedia Britannica CD '97; Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1961 ed., Vol. 19, p.348: ROBERT THE STRONG]
    • --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      ID: I531170165
      Name: Rutpert IV (Robert the Strong) UNKNOWN
      Given Name:Rutpert IV (Robert the Strong)
      Surname: UNKNOWN
      Sex: M
      Birth: 820 in France

      Marriage 1 Adelaide UNKNOWN b: ABT 802 in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, France
      Children
      Robert I COUNT OF PARIS & POTIERS b: 860 in Bourgogne, France
    • Robert THE STRONG (LE FORT) (d. Sept. 15, 866, Brissarthe, Fr.), count of Anjou and of Blois, appears as rector of the abbey of Marmoutierin 852, and as one of Charles the Bald's missi dominici in 853; but soon afterward he was among those who rebelled against Charles and invited the king's half-brother, Louis the German, to invade West Francia.
      In 860 Robert came to terms with Charles, who made him count of Anjouand of Blois and entrusted him with the defense of that part of his kingdom which lay between the Seine and the Loire, a district which hadsuffered greatly from the ravages of the Normans and the Bretons. A great victory over the Northmen in 865 was followed by the King's grantto Robert of full control over Neustria early the next year. He was killed in battle at Brissarthe in Oct. 866, leaving two sons, Odo or Eudes, and Robert, both of whom became kings of the Franks. The memory of Robert's exploits brought great prestige to his family. His sons, Eudes and Robert I, both became kings of West Francia (or France); and the Capetian kings (from 987) were his direct descendants. [Encyclopaedia Britannica CD '97; Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1961 ed., Vol. 19, p.348: ROBERT THE STRONG]
    • His ancestry is a matter of hot dispute. The only nearly contemporary
      source on the matter is Richer, who stated in the 10th century that
      Robert's father was "Witichin".

      The genealogy from the "Dictionary of Royal Lineage" has Robert's father
      Theotbert, Count of Autun (RIN 3461).

      Weis' "Ancestral Roots . . .", which reflects a more recent opinion has his
      pedigree as I've shown it here. (48:17), (181:6), calls him Rutpert IV,
      Count in Wormgau; of Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre, and Nevers; killed 15
      Sep 866.

      Richard Borthwick posted to the
      soc.genealogy.medieval newsgroup on 23 Oct 1996 (in part):
      Subject: Re: Ancestors of the Capetiens
      The matter was one of great debate but quite some time ago. The
      crucial study was done by K Glockner "Lorsch und Lothringen" in
      *Zeitschrift fur die Geschichte des Oberrheins*, 89, 1936/37, 301-54.
      The identification of Rutpert IV count in the Oberrheingau with Robert
      count of Paris is now considered most likely. Robert like many other
      Lotharingian nobles entered the service of Charles the Bald in 852
      following territorial squabbles between Charles and his brothers. You
      may find an article by K F Werner helpful: "Noble Families in
      Charlemagne's Kingdom" in a collection of papers entitled *The Medieval
      Nobility* edited and translated by Timothy Reuter (1979), 172 f.

      Fransisco Antonio Doria posted to the
      soc.genealogy.medieval newsgroup on 12 Jul 1998 (in part):
      Subject: Re: Who did Herbert I de Vermandois Marry?

      Recently (1989) Luiz de Mello Vaz de Sampayo suggested in a well-argued
      paper that Richer's "Witichinus" hypothesis (Witichinus as father of Robert
      le Fort) may stand on solid ground. He takes Witichinus as Wittchen -
      Little Witus, or better as Witus (Guido) the Young. He still plugs the
      whole family into Gloeckner's Robertini but from a side branch. Some
      reasonable onomastics support his claim. (Raizes & Trofeus, no. 2.)

      -Stevens/Southworth Medieval Database
      -http://www.gendex.com/users/jast/
    • Kinship II - A collection of family, friends and U.S. Presidents
      URL: http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:2902060&id=I575186320
      ID: I575186320
      Name: *Robert , Count of Paris 1
      Given Name: *Robert , Count of Paris
      Surname: 1
      Sex: M
      Death: 0866 in Brissarthe,France
      Change Date: 18 Nov 2002 1 2
      Note:
      His grandson was Hugh Capet, founderof the Capetian dynasty.


      Marriage 1 UNKNOWN *ADELAIDE
      Note: _UID367DF4F83B9A594AA4AC5D7508223035C87F
      Children
      I of France *ROBERT b: 0866
      King of France EUDES

      Sources:
      Title: GEDCOM File : a39278.ged
      Note:
      1 _TYPE Electronic File
      Date: 12 Dec 1999
      Title: GEDCOM File : SM.ged
      Note:
      1 _TYPE Electronic File
      Date: 18 Nov 2002

      ==================================================

      [Geoffrey De Normandie, Gedcom BSJTK Smith Family Tree.ged]

      EVEN
      TYPE Title (Facts Pg)
      PLAC Comte de Paris - 'Le Fort'
      EVEN
      TYPE Cause of death (2)
      PLAC Killed in battle at Brissarthe

      See Historical Document.

      DATE 2 MAY 2000


      NSFX , Tours et Wormsgau, Marquis de Anjou, Blois, Auxerre et Never
      TYPE Book
      AUTH Stuart, Roderick W.
      PERI Royalty for Commoners
      EDTN 3d
      PUBL Genealogical Publishing co., Inc, Baltimore, MD (1998)
      ISB 0-8063-1561-X
      TEXT 169-38
      TYPE Book
      AUTH Å or c:Weis, Frederick Lewis
      PERI Ancestral Roots
      EDTN 7th
      PUBL Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD (1999)
      TEXT 48-17
      DATE 8 MAY 2000in battle Dead
      killed in battle against Normans
      in battle DeadKarl der Grosse..Charlemagne URL: http://www.aritek.com/hartgen/htm/charlemagne.htm


      Princess Adelahide of Tours - also known as: Adelheid - was born about 0824, lived in Tours, France and died after 0866 . She was the daughter of Emporer Louis I "The Pious" of Roman Empire and Ermengarde de Hesbaye.
      Princess Adelahide married Duke Robert "Fortis - the Strong" of France IV about 0846 in France. Duke Robert was born about 0820, lived in France. He was the son of Rutpert (Robert) III of Wormsgau and Wiltrud of Orleans. He died on 25 Aug 0866 in Anjou, France .
      Duke Robert - Robert the Strong (died 866), count of Anjou and Blois; at first rebelled against Charles the Bald but later won king's confidence by defense of the Seine and Loire valleys against the Normans and Bretons; his two sons, Odo and Robert I, became kings of France.
      Then Princess Adelahide married Count Conrad I of Auxerre. Count Conrad was born about 0795, lived in Burgundy, France.
    • markgraaf seine/loire
    • Robert the Strong
      From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

      Robert the Strong (Old Frank: Rutpert) (died September 15, 866), also known as Robert IV, was a count of Tours. He was nominated by Charles the Bald missus dominicus for the Tours and Angers regions in 853. After a rebellion against Charles II in 855, he became duke for the region between Seine and Loire. From this time he was responsible for fighting against Normans and Britons, and he eventually met his demise in 866 fighting the Normans in the Battle of Brissarthe.

      He was possibly married to Adelaide, daughter of Louis the Pious and Ermengarde of Hesbaye. Robert was the father of Odo, Count of Paris and Robert I of France, who both became King of Western Francia. Robert was the great-grandfather of Hugh Capet and thus the ancestor of all the Capetians.
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Schwennicke Volume II page 10: Rutpert IV (Robert IV) Graf im Wormsgau, Comte de Tours, nobilis Franciae and Comte de Paris, killed in battle 15 September or 25 July 866; survived by his second wife Adelaide/Aelis de Tours. He is the father of Robert I, King of France (King Robert was born *after* his father was killed). Source: Dan Pomerleau, Brian Tompsett, Leo van de Pas
    • He served Charles the Bald, and, by his bold and inspiring military
      leadership, succeeded in checking the depredations of the Northman who were
      laying waste the settlements near the Loire. A great victory in 865 was
      followed by the king's grant to Robert of full control over Neustria early
      the next year, but he was killed in a skirmish against those same Northmen in
      September. The memory of Robert's exploits brought great prestigue to his
      family. All Capetian kings from 987 were his direct descendants.
    • [elen.FTW]

      [Brøderbund WFT Vol. 3, Ed. 1, Tree #4579, Date of Import: Jun 15, 2003]

      Rutpert IV, called Robert the Strong, Count in Wormgau, of Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre, Nevers
    • He served Charles the Bald, and, by his bold and inspiring military
      leadership, succeeded in checking the depredations of the Northman who were
      laying waste the settlements near the Loire. A great victory in 865 was
      followed by the king's grant to Robert of full control over Neustria early
      the next year, but he was killed in a skirmish against those same Northmen in
      September. The memory of Robert's exploits brought great prestigue to his
      family. All Capetian kings from 987 were his direct descendants.
    • "The Strong"
    • He served Charles the Bald, and, by his bold and inspiring military
      leadership, succeeded in checking the depredations of the Northman who were
      laying waste the settlements near the Loire. A great victory in 865 was
      followed by the king's grant to Robert of full control over Neustria early
      the next year, but he was killed in a skirmish against those same Northmen in
      September. The memory of Robert's exploits brought great prestigue to his
      family. All Capetian kings from 987 were his direct descendants.
    • He served Charles the Bald, and, by his bold and inspiring military
      leadership, succeeded in checking the depredations of the Northman who were
      laying waste the settlements near the Loire. A great victory in 865 was
      followed by the king's grant to Robert of full control over Neustria early
      the next year, but he was killed in a skirmish against those same Northmen in
      September. The memory of Robert's exploits brought great prestigue to his
      family. All Capetian kings from 987 were his direct descendants.
    • Seen 836; of Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre, Nevers.
    • Robert IV the Strong (also known as Rutpert) (820-September 15, 866), was Margrave in Neustria. His family is named after him and called Robertians. He was first nominated by Charles the Bald missus dominicus in 853. Robert was the father of the kings Odo and Robert I of France. Robert was the great-grandfather of Hugh Capet and thus the ancestor of all the Capetians. His father was Robert of Worms.

      [edit] Origins and rise to power
      While very little is known about the beginnings of the Robertian family, historians have been able to adduce that the family of nobles had its origins in Hesbaye. During the reign of Louis the German, the Robertian family moved from East Francia to West Francia. After his arrival in West Francia, Charles the Bald showed his favour of the family defecting from his enemy Louis by assigning Robert to the lay abbacy of Marmoutier in 852. In 853 the position of missus dominicus in the provinces of Maine, Anjou, and Touraine was given him and he had de facto control of the ancient ducatus Cenomannicus, a vast duchy centred on Le Mans and corresponding to the regnum Neustriae. Robert's rise came at the expense of the established family of the Rorigonids and was designed to curb their regional power and to defend Neustria from Viking and Breton raids.


      [edit] Revolt
      Despite the fact that he was a favoured noble of Charles, Robert joined a rebellion against the king in 858. He led the Frankish nobles of Neustria with the Bretons under Salomon in inviting Louis the German to invade West Francia and receive their homage. The revolt had been sparked by the marriage alliance between Charles and Erispoe, Duke of Brittany, and by the investment of Louis the Stammerer with the regnum Neustriae (856). These actions significantly curtailed the influence both of Salomon and Robert. Charles compensated Robert for the losses suffered in this civil war by giving him the counties of Autun and Nevers in Burgundy, which greatly enlarged his landholdings. In 856 he had to defend Autun from Louis the German following the death of Lothair I. But following Erispoe's assassination in November 857, both he and Salomon rebelled.

      Louis the German reached Orléans in September 858 and received delegations from the Breton and Neustrian leaders, as well as from Pepin II. The Neustrian rebels had chased Louis the Stammerer from Le Mans, his capital, earlier that year. In 861, Charles made peace with Robert and appointed him Count of Anjou, even though he had been involved in the revolt.


      [edit] War with Bretons and Vikings
      While count of Anjou, Robert was able to successfully defend the northern coast against the threat of a Viking invasion. In 862 Charles granted Louis the Stammerer, his son, the lay abbacy of Saint Martin of Tours, a small benefice in comparison with the kingdom he had received in 856 (and lost in 858). The young Louis rebelled and was quickly joined by Salomon, who supplied him with troops for a war against Robert. Salomon himself hired Vikings to prosecute a war on Robert, who consequently did the same in defence.

      Robert made war on Pepin II in his later years. In 863 he had to defend Autun again from Louis the German, this time after the death of Charles of Provence. Robert was in Neustria during 865 and 866, with Bretons and Vikings ravaging the environs of Le Mans.


      [edit] Death and legacy
      In 866, Robert was killed at the Battle of Brissarthe while, unsurprisingly, defending Francia against a Viking raiding party. During the battle, Robert had entrapped the Viking commander in a nearby church. Thinking he was not endangered, Robert took off his armour and began to besiege the church. Once Robert was unarmoured, the trapped Vikings launched a surprise attack and killed him before he had time to re-arm. His success against the Vikings led to his heroic characterisation as "a second Maccabaeus" in the Annales Fuldenses.

      Robert left as widow Adelaide or Adalais, a daughter of Hugh of Tours and thus an Etichonid. She was the widow of a Welf when he married her and she gave him two sons who rose to prominence in Neustria and Burgundy respectively and became kings of France: Odo and Robert.


      [edit] Sources
      Smith, Julia M. H. Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians. Cambridge University Press: 1992. ISBN 0-521-38285-8
      Hummer, Hans J. Politics and Power in Early Medieval Europe: Alsace and the Frankish Realm 600 – 1000. Cambridge University Press: 2005. ISBN 0-521-85441-2
      Bradbury, Jim. The Capetians, Kings of France 987-1328. Hambledon Continuum: 2007. ISBN 978-1-85285-528-4
      Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_IV_the_Strong"


      The Capetian dynasty is the largest European royal house. It includes any of the direct descendants of Hugh Capet of France. King Juan Carlos of Spain and Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg are members of this family, both through the Bourbon branch of the dynasty.

      Name origins and usage
      The name of the dynasty derives from its founder, Hugh, who was known as "Hugh Capet". The meaning of "Capet" (a nickname rather than a surname of the modern sort) is unknown. While folk etymology identifies it with "cape", other suggestions suggest it to be connected to the Latin word caput ("head"), and thus explain it as meaning "chief" or "big head".

      The name "Capetian" came to be applied to both the ruling house of France, and to the wider-spread male-line descendants of Hugh Capet, by historians. It was not a contemporary practice. The name "Capet" has also been used as a surname for French royals, particularly but not exclusively those of the House of Capet – one notable use was during the French Revolution, when the dethroned King Louis XVI (a member of the House of Bourbon, though a direct male-line descendant of Hugh Capet) and Queen Marie Antoinette (a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine) were referred to as "Louis and Antoinette Capet" (the Queen being addressed as "the Widow Capet" after the death of her husband).


      [edit] The Robertians and before
      Capetian dynasty
      Cadets
      Direct Capetians
      House of Burgundy
      House of Dreux
      House of Courtenay
      House of Artois
      Capetian House of Anjou
      House of Bourbon
      House of Valois
      House of Évreux
      Main article: Robertians
      The Robertians probably originated in the county Hesbaye, around Tongeren in modern-day Belgium. The first certain ancestor is Robert the Strong count of Paris. From this Robert is derived the dynastic surname given to the family prior to Hugh Capet's election as King of France: the Robertians or Robertines.

      The sons of Robert the Strong were Odo and Robert, who both ruled as king of Western Francia. The family became Counts of Paris under Odo and Dukes of the Franks under Robert, possessing large parts of Neustria.

      The Carolingian dynasty ceased to rule France upon the death of Louis V. After the death of Louis, the son of Hugh the Great, Hugh Capet, was elected by the nobility as king of France. Hugh was crowned at Noyon on July 3, 987 with the full support from Holy Roman Emperor Otto III. With Hugh's coronation, a new era began for France, and his descendants came to be named, after him, the Capetians.
    • markgraaf seine/loire
    • I do not have verification on all information that you have downloaded. Please feel free to contact me @ promise_me_tomorrow@yahoo.com for errors/corrections/ or any additional information, especially if you are willing to share information
    • BIBLIOGRAPHY:Hughes, R David, Male-line Ancestry of the Capetians of France & the Plantagenets of England from the Gallic Heracleidae, undated. Avail at http://www.angelfire.com/ego/et_deo/plantagenets.wps.htm, visited 4/18/2005. Author address: RDavidH218 at aol dot com.
      Moriarty, G Andrews, Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III And Queen Philippa. Salt Lake: Mormon Pioneer Genealogical Society, 1985. LDS Film#0441438. nypl#ARF-86-2555.
      Previte-Orton, C. W., The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History, Cambridge: University Press, 1952. Chatham 940.1PRE.
      Redlich, Marcellus Donald R Von, Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants. Order of the Crown of Charlemagne, 1941.
      Schwennicke, Detlev, ed., Europaische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der europaischen Staaten, New Series. I.2: Premysliden, Askanier, Herzoge von Lothringen, die Hauser Hessen, Wurttemberg und Zahringen. Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 1999.
      Schwennicke, Detlev, ed., Europaische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der europaischen Staaten, New Series. II: Die Ausserdeutschen Staaten Die Regierenden Hauser der Ubrigen Staaten Europas. Marburg: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1984.
      Settipani, Christian, Ancestors of Charlemagne Addenda, 1990. Originally published in Heraldique et Genealogie, 1990. Available at http://www.rootsweb.com/~medieval/charladdend.htm
      Settipani, Christian, La prehistore des Capetiens: 481-987. Villeneue d'Asacq: P. Van Kerrebrouck, 1993. NYPL ASF (Capet) 94-7243.
      Settipani, Christian, Origins of the Capetians, Komnenos and the Carolingians, posting to GEN-MEDIEVAL 1/16/2003. Author address: inapit at club-internet dot fr.
      Watney, Vernon James, The Wallop Family and their Ancestry, Oxford:John Johnson, 1928. LDS Film#1696491 items 6-9.
      Weis, Frederick Lewis, Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, David Faris, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America before 1700, 7th Edition, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co, 1992.
      RESEARCH NOTES:Count in Wormgau, of Tours, and of Paris [Ref: ES I.2 #200A] Count and Marquis of Newstria [Ref: Settipani Capet #11] Count of Wormgau, Paris, Anjou, and Blois [Ref: Weis AR7 #181] Count in Wormgau; of Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre, Nevers [Ref: Weis AR7 #48] Marquis of Neustria [Ref: CMH p358] Duke of France and Count of Anjou [Ref: Redlich CharlemagneDesc p63]
      Richer is the only chronicler who gives the name of the father of Robert the Strong, i.e. Witichin, a German. There is ample evidence that RObert and his brother Eudes were the maternal nephews of Count Eudes of Orleans and his brother William the Constable, Count of Blois[Ref: Moriarty Plantagenet p215]
      852-66: Count and Marquis of Newstria [Ref: Settipani Capet #11]

      I do not have verification on all information that you have downloaded. Please feel free to contact me @ promise_me_tomorrow@yahoo.com for errors/corrections/ or any additional information, especially if you are willing to share information
    • French Robert Le Fort ancestor of the Capetian kings of France.
      Count of various regions between the Seine and Loire rivers, Robert serve d the Carolingian king of France Charles II the Bald and, by his bold an d inspiring military leadership, succeeded in checking the depredations o f the Northmen who were laying waste the settlements near the Loire. A gr eat victory?
    • The following is from the Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia Online. Grolier Interactive Inc. <http://gi.grolier.com/encyclopedial>. January 2, 1998:

      The Capetians were the royal family of France from 987 to 1328. The founder of the family, Robert the Strong, governed the lower Loire region and died fighting the Vikings in 866. His warrior son Eudes (d. 898) was elected king of France in 887. Eudes's brother later usurped the throne and ruled briefly (922-23) as Robert I. Robert's son, Hugh the Great (d. 956), was never king, but he ruled as duke over a large area of the Ile-de-France and Loire valley. His son, Hugh Capet, from whom the dynasty was to take its name, was elected king of France in preference to the Carolingian claimant, Charles of Lorraine, in 987. Soon after, Hugh's son, Robert II, was associated with him as king designate.
      Thereafter the French throne became hereditary in the Capetian family, and the descendants of Robert II's younger son were dukes of Burgundy from 1032 to 1361. The male line of the Capetian kings died with Charles IV in 1328, and the throne passed to a closely related younger branch, the Valois, who were followed in 1589 by the Bourbons. Among the greatest of the Capetian kings were Philip II, Louis IX, and Philip IV.

      Author: John B. Henneman
    • Robert the Strong (Old Frank: Rutpert) (died September 15, 866), also known as Robert IV, was a count of Tours. He was nominated by Charles the Bald missus dominicus for the Tours and Angers regions in 853.

      After a rebellion against Charles II in 855, he became duke for the region between Seine and Loire. From this time he was responsible for fighting against Normans and Britons, and he eventually met his demise in 866 fighting the Normans in the Battle of Brissarthe.

      He was possibly married to Adelaide, daughter of Louis the Pious and Ermengarde of Hesbaye. Robert was the father of Odo, Count of Paris and Robert I of France, who both became King of Western Francia. Robert was the great-grandfather of Hugh Capet and thus the ancestor of all the Capetians.
    • The following is from the Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia Online. Grolier Interactive Inc. <http://gi.grolier.com/encyclopedial>. January 2, 1998:

      The Capetians were the royal family of France from 987 to 1328. The founder of the family, Robert the Strong, governed the lower Loire region and died fighting the Vikings in 866. His warrior son Eudes (d. 898) was elected king of France in 887. Eudes's brother later usurped the throne and ruled briefly (922-23) as Robert I. Robert's son, Hugh the Great (d. 956), was never king, but he ruled as duke over a large area of the Ile-de-France and Loire valley. His son, Hugh Capet, from whom the dynasty was to take its name, was elected king of France in preference to the Carolingian claimant, Charles of Lorraine, in 987. Soon after, Hugh's son, Robert II, was associated with him as king designate.
      Thereafter the French throne became hereditary in the Capetian family, and the descendants of Robert II's younger son were dukes of Burgundy from 1032 to 1361. The male line of the Capetian kings died with Charles IV in 1328, and the throne passed to a closely related younger branch, the Valois, who were followed in 1589 by the Bourbons. Among the greatest of the Capetian kings were Philip II, Louis IX, and Philip IV.

      Author: John B. Henneman
    • [2795] DUDLE.GED Robert le Fort

      Count of Anjou

      DEATH: COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots) p 5
      COMYNR.TAF (Compuserve Roots), p. 3

      "Our Royal Descent from Alfred 'the Great' ..." in Steve Clare papers, p 45, Robert "the Strong", King of France, d 866; says his father was Witikind, a Saxon

      http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~churchh/edw3chrt.html#BEGIN "Fortis" b 820
    • Rutpert IV, Count in Wormgau, seen 836; of Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre, Nevers; killed 15 Sep 866, called Robert the Strong; m. (1); m. (2) c 864, Aelis (or Adelaide) of Tours & Alsace, b. c 819, d. c 866, widow of Conrad I, Count of Aargau and Auxerre, d. 863, daughter of Hugh, Count of Tours, by his wife Bava. He had by (2) wife: (1) Odo or Eudes, King of the Franks (France), and (2) Robert I, Count of Paris 888, King of the Franks 922-3, father of Hugh Magnus. [Ancestral Roots]
      Note: Turton names him Robert le Fort, Comte de Blois, son of Guillaume Comte de Blois; also has son Robert I born by the 1st wife (someone from Italy).
    • !Name is; Robert, "Fortis" Duke Of /FRANCE/, Count of Orleans.
    • [s2.FTW]

      [Brøderbund WFT Vol. 2, Ed. 1, Tree #1241, Date of Import: May 8, 1997]

      !COUNT OF PARIS[Brøderbund WFT Vol. 2, Ed. 1, Tree #1241, Date of Import: May 8, 1997]

      !COUNT OF PARIS
    • Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria died circa 866, killed.1
      Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria also went by the nick-name of Robert 'the Strong'.1
      Children of Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria
      Robert I, Roi de France+ d. c 15 Jun 9232
      Eudes, Roi de France b. 856, d. 898
      Citations
      [S45] Marcellus Donald R. von Redlich, Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants, volume I (1941; reprint, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2002), page 63. Hereinafter cited as Pedigrees of Emperor Charlemagne, I.
      [S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989). Hereinafter cited as Dynasties of the World.
    • !Name is; Robert, "Fortis" Duke Of /FRANCE/, Count of Orleans.
    • BIBLIOGRAPHY:Hughes, R David, Male-line Ancestry of the Capetians of France & the Plantagenets of England from the Gallic Heracleidae, undated. Avail at http://www.angelfire.com/ego/et_deo/plantagenets.wps.htm, visited 4/18/2005. Author address: RDavidH218 at aol dot com.
      Moriarty, G Andrews, Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III And Queen Philippa. Salt Lake: Mormon Pioneer Genealogical Society, 1985. LDS Film#0441438. nypl#ARF-86-2555.
      Previte-Orton, C. W., The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History, Cambridge: University Press, 1952. Chatham 940.1PRE.
      Redlich, Marcellus Donald R Von, Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants. Order of the Crown of Charlemagne, 1941.
      Schwennicke, Detlev, ed., Europaische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der europaischen Staaten, New Series. I.2: Premysliden, Askanier, Herzoge von Lothringen, die Hauser Hessen, Wurttemberg und Zahringen. Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 1999.
      Schwennicke, Detlev, ed., Europaische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der europaischen Staaten, New Series. II: Die Ausserdeutschen Staaten Die Regierenden Hauser der Ubrigen Staaten Europas. Marburg: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1984.
      Settipani, Christian, Ancestors of Charlemagne Addenda, 1990. Originally published in Heraldique et Genealogie, 1990. Available at http://www.rootsweb.com/~medieval/charladdend.htm
      Settipani, Christian, La prehistore des Capetiens: 481-987. Villeneue d'Asacq: P. Van Kerrebrouck, 1993. NYPL ASF (Capet) 94-7243.
      Settipani, Christian, Origins of the Capetians, Komnenos and the Carolingians, posting to GEN-MEDIEVAL 1/16/2003. Author address: inapit at club-internet dot fr.
      Watney, Vernon James, The Wallop Family and their Ancestry, Oxford:John Johnson, 1928. LDS Film#1696491 items 6-9.
      Weis, Frederick Lewis, Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, David Faris, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America before 1700, 7th Edition, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co, 1992.
      RESEARCH NOTES:Count in Wormgau, of Tours, and of Paris [Ref: ES I.2 #200A] Count and Marquis of Newstria [Ref: Settipani Capet #11] Count of Wormgau, Paris, Anjou, and Blois [Ref: Weis AR7 #181] Count in Wormgau; of Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre, Nevers [Ref: Weis AR7 #48] Marquis of Neustria [Ref: CMH p358] Duke of France and Count of Anjou [Ref: Redlich CharlemagneDesc p63]
      Richer is the only chronicler who gives the name of the father of Robert the Strong, i.e. Witichin, a German. There is ample evidence that RObert and his brother Eudes were the maternal nephews of Count Eudes of Orleans and his brother William the Constable, Count of Blois[Ref: Moriarty Plantagenet p215]
      852-66: Count and Marquis of Newstria [Ref: Settipani Capet #11]

      I do not have verification on all information that you have downloaded. Please feel free to contact me @ promise_me_tomorrow@yahoo.com for errors/corrections/ or any additional information, especially if you are willing to share information
    • !Name is; Robert, "Fortis" Duke Of /FRANCE/, Count of Orleans.
    • Name Prefix: Count Name Suffix: Iv, Of Paris And Wormsgau "The Strong"
    • Royalty for Commoners - Stuart, p.90; (25 Aug.?; 15
    • Rupert IV The Strong Count In WORMGAU. [] aka Robert the Strong, Count
      of Paris. Kilde: Weis, Frederick Lewis, Ancestral Roots of Sixty
      Colonists, 6th Edition, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co, 1988.
      Kilde: Count in Wormgau; of Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre, Nevers [Ref:
      Weis AR #48]
      Kilde: parents: [Ref: Weis AR #48] Kilde: names: [Ref: Weis AR #48]
      Kilde: date: [Ref: Weis AR #48] // [unknown gedcom from D. Pettit to R.
      Demaray, May '96] : 1. MADRAIGA Count of Worms, sp: unknown.
      2. Daughter of Madraiga Count of Worms, sp: GUIGUIN Count of Soisson
      (b. 835 m. 855).
      3. ROBERT The Strong, sp: Sister of Adelhelm, Count of Laon.
      4. EUDES Count of Paris 4. ROBERT Count of Paris, sp. BENTILE
    • I do not have verification on all information that you have downloaded. Please feel free to contact me @ promise_me_tomorrow@yahoo.com for errors/corrections/ or any additional information, especially if you are willing to share information
    • #Générale#note décès : au combat

      #Générale#d'Anjou, de Worms
      s:Auréjac

      note couple : #Générale#s:ds02.10 ; webpark ; Auréjac

      note couple : #Générale#s:Auréjac

      #Générale#Profession : Comte d'Anjou et de Tours en 852, de Blois(2ème du titre)et d'Orléans un peu plus tard.
      Abbé laïc de Marmoutier près de Tours, puis de Saint-Martinde Tours.

      #Générale#Il fut abbé laïque de Marmoutier. Il fut couronné comte d'Anjou en0854. Il fut couronné comte d'Autun en 0860. Il décède en 0866 à Brissarthe,Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France.
      Duc de France.
      Marquis de Neustrie
    • Robert ?den Sterke? var greve av Tours, Auxerre og Blois og marki av Neustria.
      Han var vistnok sønn til Theodoret eller Wittekind III. Hans mor skal være Adelheid av
      Tours som var datter til greve Hugo av Tours.
      Robert skal ha vært gift med en Adelheid som muligens var datter til Ludvig ?den
      Fromme?. Det antydes imidlertid også at hun kan ha vært datter til Karl ?den Skallede?. Hun
      var hans annen hustru og skal ha vært søster til keiserinne Irmengard. Robert kunne ikke ha
      ektet henne før mot slutten av sitt liv. Hun kan derfor ikke ha vært mor til Odo og Robert, og
      da heller ikke til Richilde. Hennes ekteskap med Robert kan neppe ha funnet sted før 866.
    Person ID I6000000006036670007  Ancestors of Donald Ross
    Last Modified 4 Feb 2019 

    Family Adélaïs / Aélis von Sundgau,   b. Abt 819,   d. 882  (Age 63 years) 
    Married 864 
    Address:
    France
    France 
    Children 
     1. Robert de Robertiens,   b. 15 Aug 866,   d. 15 Jun 923  (Age 56 years)
    Last Modified 14 Mar 2021 
    Family ID F6000000013714884068  Group Sheet  |  Family Chart